Biopsych Final

Front 1

Psychoactive drugs are those that affect

Back 1

The nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods

Front 2

Drug injection is common in medical practice because the effects of injected drugs are relatively __________ in comparison to most other conventional routes of drug administration

Back 2

Strong, fast, and predictable

Front 3

Many chemicals are kept from passing from the circulatory system of the CNS into CNS neurons by

Back 3

The blood brain barrier

Front 4

A state of decreased sensitivity to a drug as a result of precious exposure to the drug is called

Back 4

Tolerance

Front 5

Individuals who suffer drug withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking a drug are said to be

Back 5

Physically dependent

Front 6

The primary defining feature of addiction is

Back 6

The inability to stop using a drug despite efforts to do so

Front 7

According to the research of Siegel, heroin users are more likely to die from an overdose when they

Back 7

Take heroin in an environment in which they have never taken it before

Front 8

Which of the following drugs produces hypothermia (a reduction in body temperature)

Back 8

Alcohol

Front 9

Marijuana contains over 80

Back 9

Cannabinoids

Front 10

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant

Back 10

Cocaine

Front 11

Which of the following drugs in high doses produces a syndrome of psychotic behavior that is similar to paranoid schizophrenia

Back 11

Cocaine

Front 12

Which of the following opiates is an analgesic?

Back 12

Morphine, OxyContin, pain relievers

Front 13

The early physical dependence theories of drug addiction were discredited by the observation that

Back 13

Detoxified addicts almost always return to their drug taking

Front 14

Olds and Milner argued that the brain circuits that support intracranial self-stimulation are the same ones that mediate

Back 14

The pleasurable effects of natural rewarding stimuli such as food, water, and sex

Front 15

Many of the dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area synapse in the

Back 15

Various cortical and limbic sites

Front 16

The branch of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system that projects from the ventral tegmental area is called the

Back 16

Mesocorticolimbic pathway

Front 17

Laboratory animals have frequently been shown to self-administer micro injections of addictive drugs directly into the

Back 17

Nucleus accumbens

Front 18

The anticipated pleasure associated with an action is its ___________, whereas the actual pleasure experienced is its ___________

Back 18

Positive incentive value; hedonic value

Front 19

According to the incentive sensitization theory of drug addiction, as an addict habitually consumes the drug, the

Back 19

Positive incentive value for the drug increases

Front 20

Recent research suggests that dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is more related to _________ than to __________.

Back 20

The wanting of a drug; the liking of a drug

Front 21

Recent research suggests that during the transition from initial drug taking to habitual drug taking

Back 21

Striatal control of drug taking is shifted from the nucleus accumbens to the dorsal striatum. There are impairments in the function of the prefrontal cortex.

Front 22

Drug addicts have been found to make poor decisions and to

Back 22

Engage in excessive risk taking and have deficits in self control

Front 23

Modern theories of drug addiction suggest that addicts relapse after lengthy drug-free periods because the effects of

Back 23

Stress, drug priming, exposure to cues

Front 24

"Song of praise" was written by Freud about

Back 24

Cocaine

Front 25

Recent research shows that dopamine is most closely associated with

Back 25

?

Front 26

The left and right hemispheres are connected by the

Back 26

Cerebral commisures

Front 27

The two hemispheres, although similar in appearance, differ in function. The study of these functional differences is commonly referred to as the study of

Back 27

Lateralization of function

Front 28

____________ first reported evidence of the lateralization of language functions, but he received little or no recognition for his insightful observations.

Back 28

Mark Dax

Front 29

Brain damage produced deficits in the language related ability are generally referred to as

Back 29

Aphasia

Front 30

Broca's area is in the _________ cortex

Back 30

Inferior prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere

Front 31

Sporadic patients

Back 31

Can't follow motor commands

Front 32

During the conventional dichotic listening test, most participants correctly report

Back 32

One stimulus perthal

Front 33

During language tests, PET and fMRI typically reveal greater activity in

Back 33

Left hemisphere

Front 34

The results of sodium Amytal tests suggest that the percentage of healthy right-handlers in the general population that are left hemisphere dominant for speech is

Back 34

90%

Front 35

Which of the following investigators, along with sorry, played a major role in testing the original series of human split-brain patients

Back 35

Gazzaniga

Front 36

After the picture of a familiar object is flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient, the patient can

Back 36

Reach into a bag containing several test items with the left hand and pull out the object that was presented

Front 37

A spoon is presented in the left visual field of a split brain patient and an apple is simultaneously presented in the right. The patient is instructed to reach into two bags(one with each hand) and feel around until he comes up with the object that was presented on the screen. However, before the objects are withdrawn, the orient is asked to tell the experimenter what he has in each hand. The patient is likely to say

Back 37

"I have an apple in each hand"

Front 38

Left hemisphere damage is more likely than right-hemisphere damage to be associated with

Back 38

Motor problems of the left hand

Front 39

Evidence that the perception of music is lateralization comes from the demonstrations that

Back 39

The left ear is superior to the right in melodicdichotic listening tests

Front 40

The hypothetical neural mechanism in humans that continuously assesses patterns of events and tries to make sense of them is termed the

Back 40

Theory of cognitive development

Front 41

The left planum temporal roughly corresponds to

Back 41

Wernicke's area

Front 42

A structural MRI study found that the ___________ in the left hemisphere in musicians with perfect pitch than it is in musicians without perfect pitch.

Back 42

Planum temporal is larger

Front 43

The motor theory of the lateralization of cerebral function is that

Back 43

Left hemisphere is specialized not for the control of speech specifically but for control of fine movements

Front 44

Although adults have difficulty discriminating among many language sounds that are not present in the languages that they speak, ____________ can discriminate among the sounds of all languages

Back 44

Infants