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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do non-spontaneous reactions proceed?
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+delta G reactions are coupled to highly favored reactions (those with large -delta G)
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When ATP is hydronized it does what?
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It releases calories per mole.
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How is ATP made?
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chemiosmosis on specialized membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts using the enzyme complex ATP- synthestase from osxidation fuels (food)
Then, couple it to a more exothermic reaction (substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis |
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What is the transition state?
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higher energy state reactants are converted to before they become products.
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The energy required to reach the transition state is called what?
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the activation energy
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Due to high activation energy, thermodynamically favored reactions proceed at what rate?
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a very slow rate
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Proteins act as catalysts to do what?
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Speed up the rate of these favored reactions. These proteins are called catalysts.
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How do enzymes get reactions to proceed?
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enzymes couple the cleavage of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) however usuallt ATPs
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What are two ways to get reactions to proceed to reuce the barrier created by the energy of activation?
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1. Thermal activation increases number of favorable collisions (unlikely inside cells)
2. Provide surface where reactants can meet in a favorable way |
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Protein Catalysts are also called what?
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catalysts
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