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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is homeostasis? |
The regulation of internal conditions in a cell or organism. Keeps condition constant for enzyme action and cell function |
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What is negative feedback? |
Receptor detects stimulus Coordinating centre compares the stimulus to a set point Effector then produces a response to correct any differences from the set point |
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What route does a stimulus take in the nervous system? |
Stimulus Receptor CNS Effector Response |
Sugar Really Cant Eat Rm |
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What is a reflex action and what route does it take in the nervous system? |
An automatic response to protect the body. NO BRAIN involved. Stimulus Receptor Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone Effector Response |
Suga Raps Songs Rm Makes Excellent Raps |
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What is a synapse? |
Gaps between neurones. Electrical impulse converted to a chemal that is diffused across to another neurone which caused electrical impulses to generate in new neurone. |
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What is the endrocine system? |
Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream. |
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What are hormones? |
Chemical messsages carried in blood to target organs where they respond. Have longer and slower effects than the nervous system. |
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What is the pituitary gland? |
Located in the brain. Secreres hormones in response to body conditions.
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What is adrenaline? |
Produced in response to fear or stress Increses heart race Boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles Fight or flight response |
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What is thyroxine? |
Increases metabolic rate Controls growth and development Controls negative feedback |
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If blood glucose concentration is too high... |
Pancreas releases more insulin Insulin causes glucose to move from blood into cells Excess glucose converted to glycogen for storage in liver and muscles |
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If blood glucose is too low... |
Pancreas releases glucagon Glucagon stimulates glycogen to be converted into glucose and is released into the blood
Example of negative feedback |
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Type 1 diabetes? |
Pancreas has an insufficient supply of insulin Results in high blood glucose levels Treated with insulin injections |
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How do insulin injections work? |
Stimulates liver to convert glucose into glycogen |
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Type 2 diabetes? |
When body doesnt respond to insulin Caused by obesity Treated with carb controlled diets and regular exercise |
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What is FSH? |
Secreted by pituitary gland Causes eggs to mature in ovaries Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen |
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What is oestrogen? |
Secreted by ovaries Stops FSH from releasing Stimulates LH Makes uterus lining grow |
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What is LH? |
Secreted by pituitary gland Stimulates ovulation |
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What is progesterone? |
Secreted by empty follicles in ovaries Maintains linning of uterus Inhibits FSH and LH from realeasing |
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What does the combined pill contain? |
Oestrogen and progesterone Inhibits FSH and LH |
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What do fertility drugs contain? |
FSH and LH to stimulate eggs to mature |
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What is the process of IVF? |
Give woman FSH and LH to stimulate growth of eggs Collect eggs from woman Fertilise egg with sperm from father in lab Insert one or two embryos into the womb |
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What does Asexual reproduction involve? |
One parent No gamete fusion Cloning Mitosis |
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What is the process of meiosis? |
Copies of genetic info made Divide cells twice to form 4 gamete, all with a single set of chromosomes All gamete genetically different |
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What is DNA? |
Genetic material in a nucleus of a cell Its a Chemical in chromosome |
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What is a gene? |
Small section of DNA on a chromosome Codes for specific amino acids to make proteins |
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What are alleles? |
Different form of a gene |
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What are genotypes? |
Combination of alleles in genes |
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What are phenotypes? |
How alleles are expresessed Eg dominant or recessive |
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What is homozygous? |
Alleles are the same for that gene Eg BB |
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What is heterozygous? |
Alleles that are different for that gene Eg Bb |
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What is polydactyly? |
Extra toes and fingers Dominant allele |
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What is cystic fibrosis? |
Disorder of cell membrane Caused by recessive allele |
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What is monohybrid inheritance? |
Only one gene is involved in a characteristic |
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What is the process of selctive breeding? |
Chose parents with desired characteristic Bread them together From offspring choose most desired characteristic Bread them together Carry on process over many generations |
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What is the process of Genetic engineering? |
Isolate desired gene using enzymes Insert desired gene into target DNA Insert gene into vector, bacterium or virus Vector inserts gene into required cell |
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What is an ecosystem? |
All organisms living in a habitat and all nonliving parts of a habitat |
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Abiotic factors affecting adaptation? |
Nonliving factors Temp Light intentsity Moist levels CO2 levels in plants Soil pH levels |
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Biotic factors affecting adaptation? |
Living factors Availability of food New predators arriving New pathogens or diseases |
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What could biodiversity decrease? |
availability of water Temp Atmospheric gases Changes in season Human interaction |
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What is the order of classification and who came up with it? |
Carl Linnaeus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What is the three domian system and who came up with it? |
Carl Woese ARCHEA- primitive bacteria BACTERIA- true bacteria EUKARYOTIC- including protists, fungi, plants and animal |
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What causes extinction? |
New predators New diseases New, more successful competitors Natural disasters |
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What was Darwins theory? |
Natural selection Survival of the fittest. Individuals characteristics that are best suited to the environment are more likely to survive. These individuals breed and genes get passed to their offspring |
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What are fossils? |
Remains of organisms from history Used to see how they have changed over time and to see the similarities they have to current species. |
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What are the problems with fossils? |
Soft bodies of animals have decayed so only left with their bones. Leads to gaps in fossil records as soft body animals have already decayed and become completely extinct. |
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How do bacteria become resistant? |
Bacteria reproduce at a fast pace Mutation may iccur due to rapid reproduction Mutated bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics survive They reproduce and the resistant strand develops |
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What is the food chain? |
The feeding relationships in a community Producers eaten by primary consumers Primary consumers may be eaten by secondary consumers Secondary consumers may be eaten by teritary consumers |
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What are apex predators? |
Top consuners Carnivores with no predators |
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