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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three groups of organisms that have cell walls. What are each of the walls made of?
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Plants - cellulose
Bacteria - peptidoglycan Fungi - chitin |
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What types of substances can pass through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion? Give examples.
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small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules
Ex: oxygen, carbon dioxide, cholesterol |
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What types of substances require facilitated diffusion to pass through the lipid bilayer? Give examples.
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large, polar, hydrophilic molecules
Ex: sodium, potasium, calcium (all ions), glucose |
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What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
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Passive transport moves by diffusion. Active transport moves against the concentration gradient and requires energy.
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How do the water gradient and the solute gradient compare?
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They are opposite of each other.
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How does water move across the cell membrane?
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Water is a polar, hydrophilic molecule so it cannot move through the inner hydrophobic membrane. It uses a channel protein called an aquaporin.
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If a cell with a tonicity of 0.9% and 99.1% water is placed in a solution that has 10% tonicity, what will happen?
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The solution is hypertonic. Particles will move into the cell as water moves out. The cell will shrink.
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If a cell with a tonicity of 0.9% and 99.1% water is placed in a solution that has 0.05% tonicity, what will happen?
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The solution is hypotonic. Particles will move out of the cell as water moves in. The cell will swell and burst.
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If a cell with a tonicity of 0.9% and 99.1% water is placed in a solution that has 0.9% tonicity, what will happen?
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The solution is isotonic. There will be no net movement of particles.
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Are human cells hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? What are there tonicities?
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Human cells are isotonic to a 0.9% sodium chloride (salt) solution.
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What two things is the cell membrane made up of?
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lipids and proteins
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