Biology Chapter 13

Front 1

What are the three characteristics of animals?

Back 1

1) all animals eat other organisms

2) all animals move, at least in some stage of their life cycle

3) all animals are multicellular, and most have body parts that are specialized for different functions

Front 2

What are the four questions to ask when classifying animals?

Back 2

1) does the animal have specialized cells that form defined tissues?

2) does the animal develop with radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry?

3) during hot development, does the mouth or anus form first?

4) does growth occur by molting or by continuous addition to the animals body?

Front 3

Sponge

Back 3

Animals that lack tissues and organs, and usually have no symmetry

Front 4

Coral reefs

Back 4

Assemblies of giant calcium carbonate skeletons and corals

Front 5

Three major groups of mollusks

Back 5

Gastropods

Bivalve mollusks

Cephalopods

Front 6

Exoskeleton

Back 6

A rigid external covering made of chitin and found in arthropod invertebrates

Front 7

What are four groups of arthropods?

Back 7

1) millipedes and centipedes

2) chelicerates

3) crustaceans

4) insects

Front 8

What are the three stages of complete metamorphosis?

Back 8

Larva

Pupa

Adult

Front 9

What are the two stages of incomplete metamorphosis?

Back 9

Nymph

Adult

Front 10

What are the four distinctive characteristics of chordata?

Back 10

Notochord

Dorsal hollow nerve chord

Pharyngeal slits

Post-anal tail

Front 11

Notochord

Back 11

A rod of tissue extending from head to tail in vertabrates

Front 12

Dorsal hollow nerve chord

Back 12

A nerve chord that forms the central nervous system in vertebrates

Front 13

Pharyngeal slits

Back 13

Gill slits, occurs in vertebrates

Front 14

Post-anal tail

Back 14

Tail that extends beyond the anus

Front 15

What are the three categories of jawed fish?

Back 15

Cartilaginous fishes

Ray finned fishes

Lobe finned fishes

Front 16

What are the two main groups of terrestrial vertebrates?

Back 16

Non amniotes

Amniotes

Front 17

Endotherm

Back 17

Use the heat produced by cellular respiration to raise their body temperature above air temperature

Front 18

Ectotherms

Back 18

Bask in the son to raise their body temperature and seek the shade when the air is warm

Front 19

Hair

Back 19

Dead cells filled with keratin

Front 20

Mammary glands

Back 20

Enable female mammals to produce milk and nurse their young

Front 21

Viviparity

Back 21

Live birth, rather than laying eggs

Front 22

Monotremes

Back 22

Lay eggs, produce milk but don't have nipples

Front 23

What are the three groups of mammals?

Back 23

Monotremes

Marsupials

Placental mammals

Front 24

Worms are not actually a monophyletic group. The title "worm" is misleading. What are the three phyla we call worms?

Back 24

Flatworms (phylum platyhelminthes)

Roundworms (phylum nematoda)

Segmented worms ( phylum annelida)

Front 25

What are the four major lineages of arthropods?

Back 25

1)millipedes and centipedes

2) chelicerates (including horseshoe crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions)

3) crustaceans (including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles)

4) insects

Front 26

Sponges are hermaphrodites. What is a hermaphrodite?

Back 26

An individual that contains both male and female reproductive organs but produces only one kind of gamete

Front 27

What are the three familiar groups of cnidarians we studied in this chapter?

Back 27

Corals- live as small polyps in large colonial groups

Sea anemones- have polyp bodies that resemble flowers

Jellyfishes

Front 28

What are the 6 groups of invertebrates discussed in Chapter 13?

Back 28

1. Sponges

2. Cnidarians

3. Worms

4. Mollusks

5. Arthropods

6. Echinoderms

Front 29

What is the general body plan of worms?

Back 29

Defined tissues

Protostome development

Bilateral symmetry

Front 30

What are the common characteristics of flatworms?

Back 30

Well-defined head and tail regions

Growth by adding body mass

Single opening for digestive tract

Front 31

Overview of roundworm diversity

Back 31

Long, narrow, unsegmented body

Surrounded by a strong, flexible cuticle

Must molt in order to grow larger

Front 32

Overview of annelid diversity

Back 32

Segmented body

Grow by adding body mass

Marine polychaetes, earthworms, and leeches

Front 33

Overview of mollusk diversity

Back 33

Most have shell that protects the soft body

Mantle

Radula (tongue used for feeding)

Gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods

Front 34

The book gives three examples of cephalopods. What are they?

Back 34

Squids

Octopuses

Nautiluses

Front 35

Overview of arthropods

Back 35

Body with distinct segments, exoskeleton made of chitin

Jointed appendages

Insects

Arachnids

Crustaceans

Millipedes and centipedes

Front 36

Overview of echinoderms

Back 36

Enclosed by hard skeleton of spiny plates

Adults are radially symmetrical

Larvae are bilaterally symmetrical and share some anatomical feature with chordates

Undersides covered with tube feet that aid in locomotion and grasping

Sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers

Front 37

Sea star, sea biscuits, and sea urchins are members of what phylum?

Back 37

Echinodermata

Front 38

What were the four adaptations that allowed an animal to adapt to land?

Back 38

Lungs

Backbone

Eggs that dont dry out

Four legs