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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the order of the stimulus-response pathway? |
Stimulus, receptor, coordinator (CNS), effector |
some,raunchy,conch,edging |
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Define the stimulus |
A change in the environment of an organism |
(big mouth intro) i’m going through- |
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Define the receptor |
Structures in the sense organs that detect the stimuli |
detect |
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Define the CNS |
(central nervous system) consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information and coordinating a response |
pro info co res |
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Define the effector |
A part of the body that carries out the response to the stimulus |
car res stim |
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What is a synapse? |
A gap between two neurones which enables impulses to travel from one neutron to another |
gap ena 2 neu |
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What is a hormone? |
A chemical messenger or protein released by the body to respond to external and internal stimuli |
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Structure of the heart |
4 chambers, 2 atriums and 4 ventricles |
424 ch art ven |
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What is a prokaryotic? |
A type of cell that does not have a true nucleus |
no nuc |
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What is a eukaryotic cell? |
A type of cell that has its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus |
yes nuc |
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What is a eukaryotic cell? |
A type of cell that has its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus |
yes nuc |
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Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
1. Pro- no nucleus Euk-nucleus 2. Pro are much smaller 3. Pro have a cell wall, euk do not |
nuc size wall |
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What is a eukaryotic cell? |
A type of cell that has its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus |
yes nuc |
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Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
1. Pro- no nucleus Euk-nucleus 2. Pro are much smaller 3. Pro have a cell wall, euk do not |
nuc size wall |
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What makes up a nucleotide? |
Sugar molecule, phosphate group and base |
sug moc phos gro ba |
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What do blood vessels do? |
They carry blood |
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What do blood vessels do? |
They carry blood |
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What are some key glands in the endocrine system? |
Pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland |
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What are the two types of effectors? |
Muscles or glands |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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Define homeostasis |
Homeostasis: the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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Define homeostasis |
Homeostasis: the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism |
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The larger the SA to V ratio is.... |
.....the easier nutrients are absorbed |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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Define homeostasis |
Homeostasis: the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism |
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The larger the SA to V ratio is.... |
.....the easier nutrients are absorbed |
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What does the pancreas do? |
Controls blood glucose levels |
con b g |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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Define homeostasis |
Homeostasis: the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism |
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The larger the SA to V ratio is.... |
.....the easier nutrients are absorbed |
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What does the pancreas do? |
Controls blood glucose levels |
con b g |
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What is the order of neurones in the response pathway? |
Sensory-Relay-Motor |
SRM suck RM |
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What are the two systems that regulate conditions? |
Nervous system and hormonal system |
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Define homeostasis |
Homeostasis: the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism |
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The larger the SA to V ratio is.... |
.....the easier nutrients are absorbed |
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What does the pancreas do? |
Controls blood glucose levels |
con b g |
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What is the order of neurones in the response pathway? |
Sensory-Relay-Motor |
SRM suck RM |
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What is meant by negative feedback? |
Negative feedback: a mechanism that relies on the reversal of change that has occurred to keep the conditions steady |
mec rel on rev o cha 2 kee con ste |
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What does the hypothalamus do? |
The hypothalamus in the brain decides on the appropriate response |
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What are some conditions that homeostasis controls? |
Temperature, pH, Blood oxygen concentration, blood water content and blood glucose concentration |
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What are some conditions that homeostasis controls? |
Temperature, pH, Blood oxygen concentration, blood water content and blood glucose concentration |
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Why do conditions need to be maintained? |
Need to be maintained because of enzymes, which have optimum conditions |
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What are some conditions that homeostasis controls? |
Temperature, pH, Blood oxygen concentration, blood water content and blood glucose concentration |
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Why do conditions need to be maintained? |
Need to be maintained because of enzymes, which have optimum conditions |
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What is the function of the aorta? |
Takes blood away from the heart |
A A |
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Why is the cardiac muscle thicker on the left side of the heart? |
-The left ventricle pumps blood to test of the body do requires greater pressure to transport the blood to greater distances -The right ventricle only had to pump blood to the lungs |
jobs |
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Why is the cardiac muscle thicker on the left side of the heart? |
-The left ventricle pumps blood to test of the body do requires greater pressure to transport the blood to greater distances -The right ventricle only had to pump blood to the lungs |
jobs |
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What does the septum do? |
Separates the right side and left side of the heart |
SEPtum |
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What do veins do? |
Veins (eg.vena cava) have valves and take blood to the heart |
bl 2 ❤️ |
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What do veins do? |
Veins (eg.vena cava) have valves and take blood to the heart |
bl 2 ❤️ |
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Why do veins have valves? |
To prevent the back flow of blood |
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What do coronary arteries do? |
Coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle |
sup o2 ric blo 2 ❤️ mus |
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What do coronary arteries do? |
Coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle |
sup o2 ric blo 2 ❤️ mus |
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What are atria (atrium) |
Atria are smaller, upper chambers that receive blood from veins |
smal up rec bl fr v |
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What do coronary arteries do? |
Coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle |
sup o2 ric blo 2 ❤️ mus |
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What are atria (atrium) |
Atria are smaller, upper chambers that receive blood from veins |
smal up rec bl fr v |
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What are ventricles? |
Ventricles are the larger, more muscular, lower chambers |
lar, m mus low cha |
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What do coronary arteries do? |
Coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle |
sup o2 ric blo 2 ❤️ mus |
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What are atria (atrium) |
Atria are smaller, upper chambers that receive blood from veins |
smal up rec bl fr v |
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What are ventricles? |
Ventricles are the larger, more muscular, lower chambers |
lar, m mus low cha |
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What are the differences between muscle layer in artery and vein? |
Muscle layer is greater in artery than vein as blood is going to be pumped at greater pressure |
ml gre in art, bl g 2 b pum @ gre pre |
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What do coronary arteries do? |
Coronary arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle |
sup o2 ric blo 2 ❤️ mus |
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What are atria (atrium) |
Atria are smaller, upper chambers that receive blood from veins |
smal up rec bl fr v |
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What are ventricles? |
Ventricles are the larger, more muscular, lower chambers |
lar, m mus low cha |
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What are the differences between muscle layer in artery and vein? |
Muscle layer is greater in artery than vein as blood is going to be pumped at greater pressure |
ml gre in art, bl g 2 b pum @ gre pre |
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What is the function of capillaries? |
Capillaries connect arteries and veins |
con art + vei |
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What is the sequence of blood flow around the body? |
1. Blood enters the atria of the heart 2. The atria contract and force blood into the right ventricle (through a valve) 3. The ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart 4. Blood flows from heart to organs through arteries 5. Blood returns to heart through veins |
1. ent atr o ❤️ 2. atr con for bl int ven thr val 3. ven con for bl ou o ❤️ 4. bl flo fr ❤️ to org thr art 5. bl ret 2 ❤️ thr v |
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Explain how capillaries are suited to their function |
Only 1 cell thick so there is a short diffusion pathway |
1 cel thi, sh dif p |
