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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteries |
carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart highly elastic walls help with contractions and relaxation of muscle when blood flows through. - your pulse is the expansion and contraction of an artery. |
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Veins |
contracting = vasoconstriction relaxing = vasodilation carry oxygen poor blood to the heart have thin walls and not very elastic have valves to prevent backflow of blood. |
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capillaries |
very small network of bloodvessels where gases and nutrients and other materials are transferred to body tissue |
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Cardiac output |
- a measure of how much oxygen is delivered to the body - the amount of blood pumped by the heart - affected by heart rate and stroke volume: cardiac output = heartrate x stroke volume. |
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stroke volume |
- the amount of blood forced out of the heart with each heartbeat
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Pathways of the Circulatory system |
Pulmonary: - to and from lungs - deoxygenated blood from right ventricle is pumped to both lungs via the pulmonary artery - Artery branches into cappillaries which surround alveoli - oxygen rich blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein Systemic: - transports blood throughout the body - left ventricle pumps blood to upper body via aorta - 3 vessels in aorta lead to head, neck and shoulders, the descending aorta pumps blood to rest of body - venules and veins bring blood back to heart and increase in size until reaching the superior and inferior vena cavae - vena cava return oxygen poor blood to right atrium Coronary - blood to heart tissue - blood in internal chambers cannot be used to nourrish heart - Coronary arteries split off aorta - each artery branches to cover entire heart with capillaries - oxygen poor blood collects in coronary vein and returns to coronary sinus - coronary sinus drains into right atrium |
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Cardiovascular diseases |
artheriosclerosis stroke varicose veins |
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artheriosclerosis |
thickening and hardening of arteries - build up of plaque in vessel walls; caused decreased blood flow in artery. symptoms: - blood clots (thrombosis) - angia - shortness of breath |
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stroke |
when brain bloodvessels burst affected part will be deprived of oxygen and those cells will die. |
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Varicose veins |
when veins remain dilated or stretched out and valves don't close properly causing blood to pool. |
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Treatments for cardiovascular diseases |
angioplasty stent asprin coronary bypass t-PA |
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angioplasty |
used to open a blocked artery a ballon is inserted and inflated to push the artery open |
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stent |
used to permanently keep an artery open |
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Asprin |
helps prevent clots from forming |
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coronary bypass |
a segment of healthy artery or vein is taken from elsewhere in the body and used to create a new pathway around a blocked vessel near the heart |
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t-PA |
breaks down already formed clots |
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red blood cells and what is anemia? |
(erthrocytes) -contain hemoglobin - no nucleus - the lower the oxygen content, the higher the RBC production blood types: A, B, AB, O AB = universal recepient O = universal donor anemia: a condition where there are too little RBC's or hemoglobin. |
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White blood cells |
-leukocytes -part of body's response to infection - 1% of blood 3 types: - granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes - fight infection directly by phagocytosis and fight it indirectly by producing antibodies |
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Platelets |
- thrombocytes - fragments of large cells broken down - key role is to clot blood preventing blood loss - adhere to site of wound to block opening |
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Plasma |
where RBC's, WBC's and platelets float in key role is transportation of carbon dioxide |
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Function of the blood |
Transport - carries nutrients and oxygen to cells - receives waste products and carbon dioxide as bicarbonate Homeostasis - regulation of heat through vasoconstriction and vasodilation. - vasodilation = blood vessles move closer to surface of skin letting off heat - vasoconstriction = blood vessels move away from skin to retain heat |
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Disorders of blood |
Hemophilia - genetic - bad clotting proteins - risk of bleeding to death - treatment: regular injection of clotting factors Leukemia - 2 types: myeloid and lymphoid Myeloid - overproduction of leucocytes -WBC's are immature and cant fight infection -can cause anemia and fatigue Lymphoid - cancer of lymphocytes -symptoms similar to myeloid treatment: bone marrow transplant |
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diastole |
when both atria and ventricles are relaxed, blood is filling atria in this period |
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systole |
-period of contraction of heart muscle |
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Heartbeat, how does it happen? |
1. Sinoatrial node - bundle of specialized tissue in the wall of the right atria - acts as heart pacemaker - sends an electrical impulse to cause both atria to contract at the same time 2. Atrioventricular node - as atria contract the signal reaches the AV node located at the base of the atrium 3. Bundle of His - AV node transmits the signal to the Bundle of His (bundle of specialized fibers) - Bundle of his transmits signal to bundle branches located between the two ventricles along the septum - Bundle branches branch off into Purkinje fibers that carry the electrical stimuli. |
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reading an ECG |
P = small spike just before atria contract QRS = large spike just before ventricles contract T = small spike shows electrical activity as ventricles recover from contraction. |
