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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Eukaryotic Cell |
A cell that has any clearly defined nucleus. |
Animal cell, plant cell, fungal cell and algael cell are considered this type of cell |
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Micrograph |
Picture taken from a microscope |
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Cell surface membrane |
Important in transport (coming in and out of the cell). Also has receptors specific to lipids and proteins. |
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Nucleus |
Has a nuclear envelope around it. Contains DNA (genetic information such as chromosomes). |
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Nuclear envelope |
Has holes in it that allow for the movement of RNA. |
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Nucleolus |
Produces ribosomes. |
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Mitochondria |
Outer membrane and inner membrane (christae) gel-like part in the middle is called the matrix. RELEASES energy through respiration. PRODUCES ATP. |
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Chloroplast |
Only found in a plant cell.
Only found in a plant cell.Made up of phylocoids - contain chlorophyll. Traps light energy to carry put photosynthesis to form glucose.Stack of chloroplasts is called a grana. Linked together by the membrane called lamellae. |
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Golgi apparatus |
Processes, modifies and packages things (lipids and proteins) that have been made in the cell. |
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Vesicle |
Carries protein to the cell membrane to be released. |
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Lysosome |
Membrane-bound organelle.
Breaks down pathogens (viruses, bacteria) and any old, worn-down cells. Contains digestive enzymes. |
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Ribosome |
Found both free floating in the cytoplasm and on the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Responsible for protein synthesis. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) |
Dotted with ribosomes.
Provides a large surface area for protein synthesis to take place. |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER) |
No ribosomes.
Responsible for lipid synthesis. |
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Cell wall |
Found in a plant cell.
Thicker membrane around the outside of the cell. Rigid, well structured. For extra strength, support and protection. Allows the cell to resist the likelihood of bursting or shrinking. |
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Vacuole |
Found in a plant cell.
Contains sugar, salts, amino acids ("cell sap"). |
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Tonneauplast |
Membrane around a vacuole. |
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Describe how rER is involved in the production of enzymes. |
The rER makes the proteins. |
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People with mitochondrial disease have mitochondria that do not function properly. They can only exercise for a short time. Explain why. |
Because the mitochondria is where respiration takes place and releases energy for exercise (specifically for the muscles to contract). |
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Human breast milk contains a lot of protein and is produced and secreted by gland cells. These cells have many mitochondria and many golgi vesicles. Explain the role of the cell adaptations in the production and secretion of breast milk. |
Mitochondria carries out respiration and releases energy, which allows for protein to be created in the rER. This protein is then transported to the golgi apparatus. The golgi vesicles (little bits that break off from the golgi apparatus) then take the protein to the cell membrane to be secreted. |
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Differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. |
1) Size: prokaryotic cells are much smaller 2) Cell Wall: thicker outer surface on prokaryotic cells |
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Murein |
Makes up the cell wall of a bacteria |
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Slime capsule |
Found on a bacteria cell, helps bacteria stick together, especially when exchanging genetic information. |
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