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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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commensalism |
beneifcial to one but no effect to the other |
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mutualism |
beneficial to both parties |
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parasitism |
beneficial to one harmful to the other |
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endosymbiosis model |
theory that ekaryotes were created by the symbiosis of a prokaryotic cell |
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what are the five kingdoms? |
monera, plantae,animalia,protista and fungi |
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what are the three domains?
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archaea, bacteria and eukarya
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taxonomy |
study of classification |
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syncitial model |
large syncytial protist, cell boundaries formed, biladeral ancestor, biladeral animal, radial animal. ( this theory was rejected) |
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colonial model |
cells become hight specialized and totally dependent. ancestral protist, colonial protist, two layer radial ancestor, radial animal, bilateral animal
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cambrian explosion |
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lagerstatten |
sites of exceptional fossil preservation
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lithosphere |
upper zone of earths mantle |
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hydrosphere |
water realm of earth, includes water contained in oceans, lakes rivers, ground, gaciers, and water vapour in atmosphere |
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atmosphere |
gaseous envelope surrounding the earth
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troposphere |
lower layer of atmosphere |
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stratosphere |
upper layer of atmosphere |
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biosphere |
biotic components and their interactions with abiotic and other biotic components |
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what are the three eons in the geological time scale? |
archaean, proterozoic, phanerozoic |
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cambrian period |
542-488 |
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ordovician period |
488-444 |
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paleozoic era |
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silurian |
444-416 |
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devonian |
416-359 |
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carboniferous |
359-299 |
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permian |
299-251 |
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anapsid |
no holes in temporal opening |
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synapsid |
one hole is temporal opening |
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diapsid |
two holes in temporal opening |
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euryapsid |
adaption where the diapsid looses one hole in the temporal opening. this adaptation is extinct |
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mesozoic era |
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triassic period |
251-200 |
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jurassic period |
200-145 |
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cretaceous period |
145-65 |
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cenozoic era |
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paleogene period |
65-23 mya |
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neogene period |
23-mya to now` |
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natural selection |
dfdsfs |
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artificial selectiion |
sdfsf |
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linnaeus (1707-1778) |
father of taxonomy. grouped similar species into general categories |
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lamarck (1744-1829) |
law of use and disuse. parts of the body that were used extensively would become bigger and stronger and that the parts of the body that you wouldnt use would be deterioated. inheritance of acquired characteristic organisms can pass these modifications to their offsprings |
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hutton (1726-1797) |
developed paleontology |
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cuvier (1769-1832) |
developed paleontology. didnt believe in evolution. catastrophism the principle that event in the past occured suddenly and were caused by mechanisms different from those operating in the present. thought that each boundary between strata represented a catastrophe |
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lyell (1797-1875) |
uniformitarianism, mechanisms of change are constant over time. |
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charles darwin (1809-1882) |
the origin of species by means of natural selection |
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disruptive selection |
favouring both extremes over intermediate phenotypes |
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stabilizing selection |
favouring intermediate phenotypes over both extremes |
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anagensis |
one species transforming into another |
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cladogenesis |
branching of new species from parent (still existing) speices |
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gradualism |
origin of species through gradual accumulation of many small genetic changes. |
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punctuated equilibrium |
spurts of relatively rapid change. long period of stasis( relatively unchanged morphology) punctuated with episodes of speciation. |
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prezygotic |
inhibits mating between species or hinders fertilization of ova should there be mating |
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postzygotic |
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evolution |
decent with modification or change in the genetic composition of a population for generation to generation |
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adaptation |
inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific enviroments
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natural selection |
a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits |
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what are the three broad observations about natures listed in charles darwins book |
the unity of life, the diversity of life, and the match between organisms and their enviroment |
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decent with modification |
unity of life to the descent of all organisms from an ancestor that lived in the remote past. as the descendants of that ancestral organisms lived in various habitats over millions of years, they accumulated diverse modifications, or adaptions that fit them to specific ways of life |
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artificial selection |
selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits |
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observation one |
members of a population often vary in their inherited traits |
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observation 2 |
all species can produce more offspring than their environment can support and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce |
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inference 1 |
individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals |
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inference 2 |
this unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favourable traits in the population over generations |
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