Biol 230 Midterm 1

Front 1

R

Back 1

Exponential, how fast population can grow, >0=inc <0=dec, =0 stabilizing

Front 2

Lambda

Back 2

Geometric, ratio from t+1 to t, >1 inc, <1 dec, =1 stable

Front 3

Semelparpus species

Back 3

Reproduce once in a lifetime

Front 4

Iteroperpus species

Back 4

Multiple bouts of reproduction

Front 5

R selection

Back 5

High population growth rates, low pop density, quick growing offspring, short lifespan, low parental investment

Front 6

K selection

Back 6

Slower increase, in populations approaching K, greater density, long lived, slower development, heavy parental investment, high food conversion efficiency

Front 7

Disturbance

Back 7

Factor that destroys biomass

Front 8

Stress

Back 8

External abiotic factor that limits vegetative growth

Front 9

Competitive plants

Back 9

Thrive in low stress low disturbance, slow growing, competitive dominants ex birch trees

Front 10

Ruderals

Back 10

Thrive in high stress high disturbance, short lifespan, quick growth, heavy seed investment, seeds survive in ground for a long time, fast growing good dispersal ex dandelions or other weeds

Front 11

Stress tolerant plants

Back 11

High stress low disturbance, slow growth, slow nutrient use, low water/food/extreme environment ex ivies

Front 12

Clutch size

Back 12

Number of eggs per reproductive bout

Front 13

Lack clutch size

Back 13

Max # of offspring parent can successfully raise

Front 14

Dispersal

Back 14

Reduces competitive effects, organisms can reach new areas with new resources, possibly escape areas with high mortality

Front 15

Dormancy

Back 15

Suspended growth development where organism can survive unfavourable conditions, suited for smaller organisms that invest less metabolic energy

Front 16

Niche shift in life cycle changes

Back 16

Les Time in specific function/habitat which means less time in vulnerable space

Front 17

Population dynamics equation

Back 17

N+B+I-D-E

Front 18

Why are smaller populations at a higher risk for extinction?

Back 18

Less individuals to recover/respond, nor susceptible to environmental/demographic stochasticy, harmful alleles can exist at higher frequency, inbreeding

Front 19

Demographic stochasticity

Back 19

Chance changes related to reproductions/survival of organism, more chance to occur to larger pop, causes allele effects in small pop, reverse to beliefs that r/lambda increase with decreasing density, b/d rate may be constant but fates of Individuals differ

Front 20

Environmental stochasticity

Back 20

Erratic/unpredictable changes in environment, risk for extinction

Front 21

Meta populations

Back 21

Interesting populations due to dispersal, sources=where individuals leave, dink’s=where they go it

Front 22

Reason for extinction

Back 22

Patchiness of habitat might make dispersal difficult, environmental conditions can change unpredictably

Front 23

Dp/dt=co(1-p-ep

Back 23

P=proportion of occupied habitat patches at time t, e/c = ratio of extinction to colonization

Front 24

E/c

Back 24

<1 for metapopulation to exist, isolation may decrease c, pop reduction may increase e

Front 25

Rescue effect

Back 25

Higher rates of immigration protect declining population

Front 26

Interspecific Competition

Back 26

Competition between different species

Front 27

Intraspecific competition

Back 27

Competition between same species

Front 28

Fundamental niche

Back 28

Full set of resources of a species

Front 29

Realized niche

Back 29

Restricted set of conditions species is limited to

Front 30

Exploitation Competition

Back 30

Individuals reduce supply of shared resources as they use it

Front 31

Interference Competition

Back 31

One species DIRECTLY interferes with another

Front 32

Allelopathy

Back 32

Individuels release toxin to harm others, only a theory

Front 33

Amensalism

Back 33

One is harmed other is not affected

Front 34

Competitive exclusion

Back 34

Dominant species causes inferior species to go extinct

Front 35

Fugitive species

Back 35

Must disperse to take advantage of dispersion

Front 36

Parasatoids

Back 36

Lay eggs in another organism ex wasp

Front 37

Generalist

Back 37

If prey encounter rate is low

Front 38

Specialist

Back 38

If prey encounter rate is high

Front 39

Ectoparasites

Back 39

Live outside, pros=dispersal, safe from immune system, cons=exposed to elements/predators, difficult feeding

Front 40

Endo parasites

Back 40

Inside body, pros=easy feeding, protected, cons=immune system, difficult dispersal

Front 41

Parasites..

Back 41

Feed specialize in which shot they feed on, hosts can be affected by multiple parasites

Front 42

Critical threshold density

Back 42

S>m/b, m= combined death/recovery rate(both temple parasite from cycle) b=transmission coefficient

Front 43

Decrease threshold by...

Back 43

culling or immunizing

Front 44

Facilitation

Back 44

Benefit of at least one organism ex endosymbionts enhance succès of corals and sea anemones, Cora provides algae with shelter and algae provides nutrients (carbs,amino acids, glycerol)

Front 45

Foundation species

Back 45

Provides habitat for millions

Front 46

Trade offs

Back 46

Number of offspring/offspring size, number of offspring/offspring survival, number of offspring/parental survival, number of offspring/growth rates

Front 47

Competitive exclusion principle

Back 47

Two competing species can not coexist indefinitely

Front 48

Resource partitioning

Back 48

Species use resources in different ways ex Galapagos finches

Front 49

Character displacement

Back 49

Shift in phenotypes over time

Front 50

Pathogen coevolution

Back 50

Hosts can become more resistant and pathogen less virulent

Front 51

Obligate interaction

Back 51

Necessary for each species , coevolution ex fig wasp

Front 52

Facultative relationship

Back 52

Not required for either species ex nurse plants provide shade

Front 53

Relative neighbour effect (RNE)

Back 53

Target specie growth with neighbour present - with neighbour removed

Front 54

Trop hic mutualism

Back 54

Mutualiste receive energy ex lead cutter ants and fungi

Front 55

Habitat mutualism

Back 55

One partner gets shelter ex pistol shrimp and goby fish