Biology 10

Front 1

Field of view

Back 1

More detail = smaller field of view

Less detail = bigger field of view

Front 2

Osmosis

Back 2

- H2O travelling across cell membrane

- Passive transport

- High to low concentration

- No extra energy needed

3 types:

Isotonic - H2O moves in and out of cell equally

Hypotonic - H2O enters cell

Hypertonic - H2O leaves cell

Front 3

Cell membrane transportation

Back 3

Front 4

Total magnification

Back 4

Power of the objective (low medium high) × power of eyepiece (10)

Front 5

Plant and animal cells labeled

Back 5

Refer to Pinterest and diagram sheet

Front 6

Abiogenisis vs biogenisis

Back 6

Abiogenisis: non living things create living things

Biogenisis: living things create living things

Front 7

Cell theory

Back 7

All organisms are made of cells

Cells are a basic unit of life

New cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 8

Cytoplasm function

Back 8

A jelly like substance that supports the organelles inside

The "backround"

Front 9

Nucleus function

Back 9

Controls cell activity

"The nucleus takes over controlling everything"

Front 10

Chromosomes function

Back 10

DNA

Front 11

Endoplasmic reticulum function

Back 11

A system of channels from the nucleus

Rough ER: ribosomes attached (small circles/dots)

Smooth ER: no ribosomes

Front 12

Golgi Apparatus function

Back 12

Packages things that are made in the cell to be transported to another organelle or outside of the cell

(Ex. Enzymes, proteins, hormones)

Front 13

Lysosomes function

Back 13

Break down food particles and destroy old, worn-out cell parts

Front 14

Ribosomes function

Back 14

Makes protein out of amino acids

Front 15

Mitochondria function

Back 15

Converts food into energy for the cell

"Powerhouse of the cell"

Front 16

Chloroplasts function

Back 16

ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS

absorb sunlight and convert into glucose (photosynthesis)

Front 17

Central vacuole function

Back 17

ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS

Stores water and other materials

(If your plant droops down it means the central vacuole is empty or very little filled and you should water your plant!)

Front 18

Cell wall function

Back 18

ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS

Protects cell

Front 19

Centriole function

Back 19

ONLY FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS

cell division

Front 20

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Back 20

3 dimensional

Surface image, not detailed

Front 21

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Back 21

3 dimensional

Very detailed, but small field of view

Front 22

Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)

Back 22

3 dimensional and very detailed, large field of view

Front 23

Cell membrane

Back 23

Front 24

E

Back 24

E

Front 25

SA/V ratio and diffusion

Back 25

As the cell gets larger the volume increases faster than the surface area

Since the surface area is the location where materials enter and leave the cell, when the volume increases faster than the surface area, the cell's metabolic needs cannot be met

As the cell gets smaller, the SA/V ratio increases

If oxygen were diffusing into the cell, the smallest cell would receive the greatest oxygen to all parts

In order for the diffusion needs to be met properly, the cell divides instead of getting bigger and bigger

Front 26

Organism organization

Back 26

Organelle

Cell

Tissue

Organ

System

(OCTOS)

Front 27

Multicellular organisms

Back 27

As organisms grow larger, they must become multicellular

Different cells become specialized to perform specific tasks

Front 28

Main job of the leaf

Back 28

To capture the Sun's energy to produce food for the plant

Takes in: sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

Gives out: oxygen, glucose

Front 29

Photosynthesis equation

Back 29

Not balanced: CO2+H2O>C6H12O6+O2

Balanced:

6CO2+6H2O>C6H12O6+6O2

"6 in front of everything except for the long part"

Front 30

Stomata function

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 30

Let's gases in and out of leaf

Front 31

Why is the stomata on the underside/bottom of the leaf?

Back 31

So they don't dry out from sunlight

Front 32

Guard cells function

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 32

Opens and closes to allow/not allow water and gases to pass/not pass into the stomata

Front 33

Spongy mesophyll function

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 33

Contains chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis

Loosely packed

Front 34

Phloem

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 34

Transports sugar from leaves to rest of plant

Front 35

Xylem

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 35

Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves

Front 36

Vascular bundle

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 36

Transport highways throughout the leaf

"Viens"

Front 37

Palisade cells

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 37

Main cells for photosynthesis

LOTS of chloroplasts

Tightly packed

Front 38

Epidermis

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 38

Transparent layer to allow light to pass through to the underlying layer

Front 39

Cuticle

Specialization of leaf cells

Back 39

Waxy coating

Protects leaf from water loss

Front 40

Root hairs

Back 40

Increase surface area for osmosis

Front 41

Root pressure

Back 41

Soil outside root is hypotonic to root cell so water enters cell by osmosis

Front 42

COhesion of water molecules

Back 42

Water sticks to other water molecules in the middle

Front 43

ADhesion of water molecules

Back 43

Water sticks to inside walls of xylem

Front 44

Transpiration of water out of leaves

Back 44

The water concentration is higher inside the leaf cells than in the air

Water moves from an area of high concentration (hypotonic inside the cells) to an area of lower concentration (hypertonic outside the cells)

Front 45

Phloem transport

Back 45

1. Sugar is produced in the leafs

2. Sugars are actively transported from the leaves to the phloem tissue

3. Once the sugars are pumped into the phloem tissue, the water follows due to osmosis

4. The sugar/water moves from high to low pressure (down to the roots)

Front 46

Semi - permeable membrane

Back 46

Only certain particles can move in and out of the cell

Front 47

Reverse osmosis

Back 47

Contaminated water is forced through the semi - permeable membrane

allows water molecules through, but traps bacteria

Front 48

Medication enclosed in liposomes

Back 48

Keeps body safe from irritating/bad tasting medications when taking an oral medication

Front 49

Lenticels

Back 49

Lens shaped openings in the stem and roots of plants which allows gas flow

Front 50

Tropism

Back 50

Plant growth due to stimulus

3 types

Front 51

Gravitropism

Back 51

Plant growth due to gravity

Positive gravitropism: towards/with gravity (ex. Roots growing down)

Negative gravitropism: away/not with gravity (ex. Stems growing up)

Front 52

Phototropism

Back 52

Plant growth due to the the light direction

Plants will automatically grow towards the light

Good for photosynthesis

Front 53

Thigmotropism

Back 53

Plant growth due to touch/contact

(Ex. Vines on wall)