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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the binomial nomenclature system of naming organisms?
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The first word = the genus. The 2nd part = unique to each species.
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what is the goal of the binomial nomenclature system
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The goal of systemic is to organize living things according to groups that have biological meanings
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genus
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A genus is a group of similar species.
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species
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A species is generally defined as a group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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Why is the binomial nomenclature system valuable to scientits around the world?
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It’s all in the same language. The genus and species labels allow scientists to group organisms according to traits.
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What is the binomial nomenclature system of naming organisms?
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The first word = the genus. The 2nd part = unique to each species.
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what is the goal of the binomial nomenclature system
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The goal of systemic is to organize living things according to groups that have biological meanings
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genus
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A genus is a group of similar species.
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species
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A species is generally defined as a group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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Why is the binomial nomenclature system valuable to scientits around the world?
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8. It’s all in the same language. The genus and species labels allow scientists to group organisms according to traits.
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what do nodes represent?
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It represents a different descendent from a common ancestor. It represents an organism. The node represents where a single ancestral lineage splits into two.
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derived characteristic
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a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendents.
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mitochondrial dna
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Mitochondrial DNA is passed directly from mother to child, so a mother’s mtDNA is the same as her mother and her mother’s mother. This means that if two people or organisms have the exact same mtDNA, then there is a very good chance that they share a common maternal ancestor. page 434
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Phylogeny
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the evolutionary history of lineage
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What's the difference between doman and kingdom
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Domain is the bigger category and Kingdom is the smaller category. Domain is a more inclusive category
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How can you remember the order of the divisions of organisms?
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Kings play chess on fine grain sand.
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List the divisions of the groups of organisms biggest to smallest
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Largest--- Kingdom Phylum Class Order family genus species smallest
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What is the tree of life
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. The tree of life shows the latest hypothesis about how major groups of organisms are related to one another. It shows all organisms have a common ancestor
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The fungi kingdom
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heterotrophs with cell walls containing chitin. They most feed on dead or decaying organic matter. They have digestive enzymes to break this food down. They are Eukaryotes. They can be single cell or multicell
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Eubacteria
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are prokaryotes. cell walls have peptidoglycan, which makes them strong. It’s unicellular. They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs
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All groups that fall under Eukarya
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Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, Protista
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Archaeabacteria
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Prokaryote, cell walls with peptidoglycan, unicellulr, autotroph and heterotroph
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All groups that are prokaryotes
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Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria
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systematics
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organizes living things into gruops that have biological meaning
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taxa
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the groups into which organisms are grouped
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What is the name of the scientist who came up with the 7 hierachical taxa
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Linnaeus
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family
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several genra that share many similar properties
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order
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families are grouped into the next largest rank- order
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an example of a class
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Mammalia which includes all animals that are warmblooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young- wild examples: ant eater and platypus which strangely lay eggs
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example of a phylum
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Chordata- which means with a backbone (snakes, squirrels, giraffes, camels and humans)
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monophyletic group
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a group that is limited to a common ancestor and its descendents
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clade
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evolutionary branch that includes a single ancestor and its descendants
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cladogram
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diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species
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what questions would Linnaues ask to determine classification?
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He developed the categories. He looked at anatomical structures- similarities and differences like the number of toes.
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what was a weakness of Linnaus's classification system?
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Animals that look alike may not be related. Also, it's difficult to decide which traits are most significant: toe number, fur color, backbone, etc.
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another way of thinking of the definition of "derived characteristic"
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a trait necessary for a classification
for example: mammals have hair on their bodies. the # of appendages a mammal has is not a derived characteristic because all mammals do not have the same number of appendages by definition. |
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the three domains are
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bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
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which kingdom contains only heterotrophs?
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fungi
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which kingdom contains only autotrophs?
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plantae
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what is a trick you can use to define any of the following
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
Just look at the word after the word you are asked to define, and say "a group of the word right after the one you're asked to define"
example: Define Kingdom "a group of families" |
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fungi (easier flashcard)
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chitin, decomposers, eukaryote, multi or single cell
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What domains have peptidoglycan
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eubacteria
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What domain does not have peptidoglycan
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archaebacteria
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easier definition Plantae
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autotroph, cell walls with cellulose, photosynthetic, chlorophyll,
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what kingdom does red algae belong to (kind of a trick question!)
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protista
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what kingdom does green algae belong to
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plantae
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what is the only kingdom that is completely made of autotrophs?
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Plantae
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what kingdoms are made up of both autotrophs and heterotrophs
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Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista
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name the 6 kingdoms
funny sentence to remember it |
E A A P P F =
Elephants ate all Paul's precious food Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi |
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name the domains
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ABE
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya |
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prokaryotic =
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no nucleus
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eukaryotic
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has a nucleus
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are polar bears and brown bears the same species
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No. but they are capable of reproducing with eachother and producing fertile offspring- a hybrid. The hybrid cannot reproduce though.
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examples of confusing classification systems
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cougar, puma, panther and mountain lion all referring to the same animal
vulture refers to a hawk in some cultures and a buzzard in others |
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dichotomous key
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used to id organisms. contains paired statements or questions that describe possible characteristics
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an example of an order and the traits that define it
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Artiodactyla
hoofed animals with an even number of toes contains llamas, deer, cattle |
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whose theories came first: Linnaeus or Darwin
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Linnaeus! came up with "decent with modification" theory
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Complete the sentence: the larger a taxon is the more....
(unlikely to be asked) |
far back in time all of its members shared a common ancestor
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