Bio 1111 Unit 2 Ch 2&8

Front 1

Carbohydrates

Back 1

Are made modern carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Monomers -glucose

Polymers - glycogen

Fx- energy and structural

Front 2

Protein

Back 2

Made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogran and nitrate (sulfate)

Monomer- amino acids

Polymers- peptides

7 Fx- structural, contractile, storage, defense, transport, signaling proteins, enzymes

Front 3

Nucleic acids

Back 3

Made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphors

Monomers- nucleotides

Polymers- nucleic acid

Fx- dna

Front 4

Nucleotides

Back 4

Made from sugar, a base and phosphate group form the backbone of nucleic acid

Front 5

Dna

Back 5

Encodes hereditary information

Double helix structures

Front 6

RNA

Back 6

Creating protein

Some virus use RNA to store hereditary information

Front 7

Central dogma

Back 7

Dna

RNA

Protein (transcription)

Translation

Front 8

Mutation

Back 8

Change in DNA sequence or in the number or structure of chromosomes

Front 9

Lipids

Back 9

Made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Mostly hydrophobic

Eg, Fats, phospholipids, steroids

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Cis ans trans unsaturated fatty acids

Fx- cell membrane

Front 10

Saturated fatty acid

Back 10

Maximum number of hydrogen atoms

No double bonds

Front 11

Unsaturated fatty acids

Back 11

One or more double bonds

Front 12

Components of an atom

Back 12

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Front 13

Define Elements

Back 13

Fundamental building blocks of matter

Front 14

Define compound

Back 14

2 or more separate element

Front 15

Define orbital

Back 15

Space around the nucleous of an atom where electrons are found. Allow atoms to bond with other atoms

Front 16

Define valence shell

Back 16

Outermost shell of an atom containing then valence electrons

Front 17

Define valence electron

Back 17

Number of atoms to complete a valence shell to its maximum occupancy

Front 18

Describe the roll of valence electrons in forming chemical bonds between atoms

Back 18

Corresponds to the number of covalent bonds an element can form. The closer an atom is to achieving a full shell, the more "electron hungry" it is.

Front 19

Describe polar covalent bond

Back 19

One atom is more electronegative. Electrons not shared equally.

Partially charged.

Front 20

Dedcribe non polar covalent bond

Back 20

Similar electronegstivity

Shares equally

Front 21

Describe ionic bond

Back 21

Attraction between ions of opposite charge. Sometimes strip electrons from partner. After the transfer, both atoms are charged.

Front 22

Describe hydrogen bonds

Back 22

Interaction between a partially charged hydrogen atom and electronegstuce atom. Hell's stabilize biologic molecules.

Front 23

Describe van der waals forces

Back 23

Attraction between uncharged molecules.

Long hydrocarbon chains.

Slightly charged due to constant motion of electrons.

Front 24

Why is water molecules practically charged?

Back 24

??

Front 25

Draw water molecule

Back 25

Front 26

Describe hydrophilic

Back 26

Water loving.

Charged ions and polar molecules tend to be hydrophilic.

Front 27

Describe hydrophobic

Back 27

Water fearing

Unchanged non polar molecules (oils)

Front 28

4 features of water

Back 28

1) cohesive behaviour

2) moderator temperature

3) expands when freezes

4) versatility as a solvent but not universal

Front 29

How acids and bases directly or indirectaly affect the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Back 29

A change of 1pH corresponds to a 10-fold change in hydrogen ions

Front 30

Define properties of carbon

Back 30

Almost all molecules made by cells contain carbon.

Has valence of 4 = form 4 covalent bonds.

Can form huge range of large and diverse molecule.

Front 31

Define organic molecule

Back 31

Compounds synthesized by cells and containing carbon.

1)carbohydrates

2)protein

3)fats

4)lipids

Front 32

Define hydrocarbons

Back 32

Organic molecules made of only carbon and hydrogen

Front 33

Define nacromolecules

Back 33

??

Front 34

Define monomers & polymers

Back 34

??

Front 35

Describe chemical structure properties of protein

Name of polymers and monomers

Chemical bonds

Rolls ok the body

Back 35

Name of polymers and monomers Chemical bondsRolls ok the body

Front 36

Describe chemical structure properties of nucleic acidsName of polymers and monomers Chemical bondsRolls in the body

Back 36

Name of polymers and monomers Chemical bondsRolls in the body

Front 37

Describe chemical structure properties of carbohydratedName of polymers and monomers Chemical bondsRolls in the body

Back 37

Name of polymers and monomers Chemical bondsRolls in the body

Front 38

Chemical properties of lipids

Back 38

??

Front 39

Chemistry structure of fat & its roll in the body

Back 39

??

Front 40

Chemistry structure of phospholipids& its roll in the body

Back 40

??

Front 41

Chemistry structure of steroids & its roll in the body

Back 41

??

Front 42

Saturated fat vs unsaturated fat

Back 42

??

Front 43

Know what the structure of amino acids

Back 43

??

Front 44

Know what the structure of nucleotides

Back 44

??

Front 45

Know what the structure of monosaccharides

Back 45

??

Front 46

Know what the structure of fatty acids

Back 46

??

Front 47

Know what the structure of phospholipids

Back 47

??

Front 48

Know what the structure of fats

Back 48

??

Front 49

Describe covalent bond

Back 49

2 types. Polar and non polar.

Shares pairs of valence electron.

Double bond = Very strong bond.

Front 50

Heat vs temperature

Back 50

Heat: a measure of the amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion.

Temperature: measured the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecule.