Bio 106 1

Front 1

4 layers of primary tissue

Back 1

Epidermis, Cortex, Vascular tissue, Pith

Front 2

Epidermis

Back 2

Single outer layer of cells

Front 3

Cortex

Back 3

Band of tissue between epidermis, Vascular tissue

Front 4

Vascular tissue

Back 4

Tissue conducting water, nutrients

Front 5

Pith

Back 5

Inner layer of tissue, similar to cortex

Front 6

Traits of epidermis

Back 6

1. In the herbaceous stems

2. Transfers material between plants and environment

3. Prevents water loss

4. Outer walls have cutin

Front 7

What does cutin build up to form

Back 7

Cuticle

Front 8

Cuticle forms a barrier that is ...

Back 8

Water and air tight

Front 9

Photosynthesis uses ... And produces ...

Back 9

CO2, O2

Front 10

What is stomata

Back 10

Pores in the epidermis that open and close

Front 11

How is stomata formed

Back 11

Pair of guard cells create a hole between them

Front 12

What happens when guard cells are full of water

Back 12

Swell

Front 13

Characteristics of trichomes

Back 13

1. Elongated epidermal cells "hairs"

2. Defense

3. Create layer of humid air around plant

4. Many die at maturity

5. Some are alive

Front 14

Characteristics of the cortex

Back 14

1. Layer between the epidermis and vascular tissue

2. contains photosynthetic parenchyma ( chlorychyma) and collenchyma

3. May have crystals, silica

Front 15

Vascular tissue characteristics

Back 15

1. Not found in all plants (small organisms can get by with diffusion)

2. Xylem-conducts water and minerals

3. Phloem- sugar and minerals

4. Occurs in bundles in primary growth

5. Not a true circulatory system

Front 16

Xylem characteristics

Back 16

1. Tracheids and vessel elements

2. As cell develops it stops dividing, becomes long and narrow, deposits secondary cell wall then cell dies.

3. Secondary cell wall is water tight, must have openings to allow water to pass from cell to cell

Front 17

What is a vessel

Back 17

Stack of vessel elements

Front 18

Vessel elements

Back 18

Perforations with no cell wall and water moves freely

Front 19

Annual thickening characteristics

Back 19

1. Weaker

2. High surface area of primary cell wall, more adaptive in wet environments

Front 20

Pitted cells characteristics

Back 20

1. More adaptive in dryer environments

Front 21

Tracheids obtain water . . .

Back 21

From those below and pass it to those above

Front 22

Pits are aligned ...

Back 22

Pit-pairs

Front 23

How are pit membranes formed

Back 23

Primary cell walls and middle lamella

Front 24

Sieve elements characteristics

Back 24

1. Conduct sugar through large plasmodesmata (sieve pores)

2. Groups called sieve areas

Front 25

Sieve cells characteristics

Back 25

1. Long, spindle-shaped, sieve areas cover surface

2. Albuminous cells

Front 26

Sieve tube members characteristics

Back 26

1. Small sieve areas, large pores in sieve plates

2. Companion cells

Front 27

Stems grow longer at their

Back 27

Apical meristem

Front 28

Apical meristem characteristics

Back 28

1. Cells divide by mitosis

2. Push meristem upward

Front 29

Subapical meristem characteristics

Back 29

1. Region below apical meristem

2. Cells also growing, dividing here

3. Cells stop dividing, start elongating, differentiate

Front 30

What differentiates first in primary growth

Back 30

Protoxylem

Front 31

Protophloem

Back 31

The exterior to Protoxylem

Front 32

Protoderm

Back 32

Gives rise to epidermis

Front 33

Angiosperms (flowering plants) characteristics

Back 33

1. produce flowers, fruits, seeds

2. Monocots- one cotyledon (seed leaf)

3. Dicots (eudicots)- two cotyledons

Front 34

Gymnosperms characteristics

Back 34

1. Non-flowering

2. Produce seeds, not fruit