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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FAREAFI
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Feelings, Assess, Refer, Educate, Advocate, Facilitate, Interven
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What to use FAREAFI for
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First/Next type questions
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AASPIRINS
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Acknowledge, Assess, Start where patient is at, Protect life, Intoxicated do not treat, Rule out medical issue, informed consent, Non-judgmental stance, support self-determination
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When to use AASPIRINS
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Best/Most reasonable option/plan of action questions
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Systems theory
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miro/mezzo/macro, understanding a person in their environment
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Open vs. closed system (systems theory)
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cross-boundary exchange vs. using up energy and dying
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Entropy (systems theory)
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closed, uses up energy
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negative entropy (systems theory)
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exchange of energy between systems, promotes growth
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equifinality (systems theory)
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Arriving at the same point from different beginnings
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Suprasystem (systems theory)
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entity served by component systems
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Negative feedback loop (family theories)
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patterns maintain homeostasis (even if dysfunctional)
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Strategic family therapy (FT)
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brief, directive, task-centered, change in behavior; based off of structural family therapy
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first vs. second order changes (strategic FT)
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superficial changes vs. changing the pattern
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paradoxical directive/instruction (strategic FT)
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prescribing a symptomatic behavior makes the client realize they have control
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Structural family therapy (FT)
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organizational approach, focus is in rules, relationships, and boundaries
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Bowenian Family Therapy (FT)
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focus on the intergenerational transmission process
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Differentiation (Bowenian FT)
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core concept, allows client to act independently outside of family
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Emotional Triangle (Bowenian FT)
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three-way relationship, naturally occurring and alleviates anxiety from the dyad
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Emotional Fusion (Bowenian FT)
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opposite of differentiation, no emotional autonomy
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Stages of group development
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FSNPA: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
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Clients not suitable for groups
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suicidal, compulsive need for attention, psychotic, paranoid, in crisis
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Power and control (group development)
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struggle for autonomy and group identification (Storming)
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Intimacy (group development)
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utilizing self in service of group (Norming)
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Differentiation (group development)
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acceptance of each other as individuals (Performing)
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Groupthink
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faulty decisions made because of internal pressures, occurs more with homogenous groups
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Illusion of invulnerability (groupthink)
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excessive optimism leads to extreme risk
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Collective rationalization (groupthink)
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discounts warnings and not reconsidering assumptions
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Inherent morality (groupthink)
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rightness of a cause ignores moral and ethical consequences
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Stereotyped views (groupthink)
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negative views of outsiders
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Direct pressure on dissenters (groupthink)
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pressure to not provide arguments against
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self-censorship (groupthink)
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individual doubts are not shared
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illusions of unanimity (groupthink)
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majority view is considered unanimous
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mindguards (groupthink)
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members censor problematic information
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Group polarization
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extreme polarization in group discussion creates risks and lack of caution
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What dopsychodynamic theories focus on?
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the origin of personality, unconscious motives and desires
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Levels of awareness (psychoanalytic theory)
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Conscious, preconsciuos, and unconscious
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Ego strength
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measurement of how well ego manages conflict between id and superego
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Psychosexual stages of development
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OAPLG: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
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Stage at which oedipus complex begins
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Phallic
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castration anxiety
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child fears father will cut off his penis, represses like for mother and allies with father, creates the superego
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Oral stage
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birth - 12 months, sucking/biting/chewing
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Fixation of oral stage
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dependence on others, oral habits
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Anal stage
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2 years old, bowel movements
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Fixation of anal stage
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anal-retentive or anal-expulsive (anger)
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Phallic stage
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3-5 years old, genitals
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Fixation of phallic stage
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guilt/anxiety around sex
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Latency stage
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5 - puberty, dormant sexuality
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Genital stage
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puberty onweards, gential and sexual urges
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Individual Psychology (Adler)
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motivation for behavior comes from striving for perfection
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Compensation (Individual Psychology)
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attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority
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Inferiority (Individual Psychology)
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motivates overcompensation (status, wealth, etc.)
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Purpose of therapy in Individual Psychology
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develop adaptive lifestyle, overcome inferiority and provide welfare to others
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Self Psychology
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Focus is on personality and self-cohesion, provided by caretakers
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empathic failure (self psychology)
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result of lack of self-cohesion by providers
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Three needs of self psychology
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Mirroring, Idealization, Twinship
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Mirroring (self psychology)
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validate the child's sense of a perfect self
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Idealization (self psychology)
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child borrows strength from others, identifies with more capable person
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Twinship/Twinning
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child requires alter ego to feel a sense of belonging
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Ego Psychology
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Focus on the present, reality testing, and the ego
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Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
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eight identity crises with conflicts in each stage
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Birth - 1 year, security vs. fear around consistency
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Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
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1-3 years old, inadequacy vs. indepedent confidence
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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3-6 years old, leadership can be hindered by criticism or control
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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6-puberty, pride in accomplishments vs. restrictions
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Identity vs. Role confusion
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puberty/adolescence, what you want to be when you "grow up"
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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young adulthood, sharing yourself with another
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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middle adulthood, giving back to society
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Ego Integrity vs. Despair
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Senior Citizen, reviewing life's accomplishments
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Object Relations Theory (Mahler)
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relationship with others (objects) is rooted in early attachments
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Normal Symbiotic (object relations theory)
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1-5 months, child aware of mother, no sense of individuality
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Separation Individuation(object relations theory)
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5-15 months; two subphases: Differentiation/hatching and Practicing
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Differentiation/hatching (object relations theory)
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5-9 months, Mother is a point of orientation, begins to see self as separate
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Practicing (object relations theory)
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9-15 months, Crawling/walking leads to exploring
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Rapproachment (object relations theory)
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15-24 months, reattaches to mother physically, reasurrance to prevent anxiety around abandonment
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Object Constancy (object relations theory)
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24-38 months, child realizes mother is separate
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Respondent behavior
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involuntary, elicited by a stimulus (ex: sexual response, anxiety)
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Operant behavior
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voluntary and controlled by the environment (ex: walking, talking)
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Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Antecedent event - Response - Consequence
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Positive reinforcement (Skinner)
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praise/reward given to increase behavior
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Negative reinforcement (Skinner)
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negative stimuli removed to increase behavior
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Positive punishment (Skinner)
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negative stimuli given to decrease behavior
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Negative punishment (Skinner)
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praise/reward removed to decrease behavior
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Aversion therapy
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negative reinforcement (ex: Antabuse)
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Biofeedback
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teaches control of heart rate, blood pressure, used for ADHD/anxiety
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Flooding
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prolonged exposure extinguishes anxiety
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In vivo desensitization
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pairing/moving from least to most anxiety-inducing situation in "real" settings
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Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
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irrational beliefs challenged logically and reevaluated
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Shaping
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training new behavior by prompting and reinforcing successive approximations
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Systematic desensitization
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pairing anxiety response with relaxation technique
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Person-In-Environment (PIE)
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understanding individual behavior requires environmentla context of living and action
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Theory of Cognitive Development (Piaget)
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acquisition of knowledge at distinct stages
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Stages of Cognitive Development
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SPCF: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
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Sensorimotor (Piaget)
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[peekaboo] 0-2 years, retaining imagines, connections, imitation
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Preoperational (Piaget)
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[glass volume] 2-7 years, concrete to abstract thinking, imaginary friends
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Concrete Operational (Piaget)
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[correct answers] 7-11 years, abstract thoughts, games with rules, cause and effect, logic
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Formal Operational (Piaget)
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11-maturity, planning for future, "adulting"
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Theory of Moral Development (Kohler)
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six stages of moral growth, three stages split into two
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Obedience vs. Punishment (Kohler)
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Elementary school, first stage, fear of punishment
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Individualism and Exchange (Kohler)
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second stage, Different viewpoints in authority
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Premoral stage (Kohler)
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includes Obedience vs. Punishment, Individualism and Exchange
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Conventional stage (Kohler)
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includes good boy/girl and law/order
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Good boy and Good girl (Kohler)
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norms of a social group, gaining approval from others
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Law and Order (Kohler)
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maintaining societal rules, importance of judgments to uphold law
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Post-conventional (Kohler)
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includes social contract and universal ethical principle
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Social Contract (Kohler)
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times when rules (law/order) may work in disinterest to people, questionsand disputes laws
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Universal Ethical Principle (Kohler)
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develop own individual principles and actively defends principles, even against society (not reached by most people)
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Four orientations of Learning Theory
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Behaviorist, Cognitive, Humanistic, Social/Situational
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Behaviorist (Learning Theory)
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change in the environment is goal in therapy,learning occurs through behavior and environment
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Cognitive (Learning Theory)
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Goal is to develop opportunities to increase skills and capacity in therapy
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Humanistic (Learning Theory)
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Goal is to develop the person as a whole
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Social/Situational (Learning Theory)
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Goal is to establish participation and conversations in therapy
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Referent (source of power)
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high charisma or identification with others with power
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Coercive (source of power)
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control/punishment
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Acting Out (DM)
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emotional conflict dealt with through behavior rather than feelings
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Conversion (DM)
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repressed urge expressed as body disturbance
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Displacement (DM)
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directing desire to another object in a less threatening situation
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Introjection (DM)
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loved/hated external objects are absorbed within self
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Reaction Formation (DM)
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adobting affect/behavior that is the opposite
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Defense Mechanisms common in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Devaluation, Projective Identification, Splitting
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Social Exchange Theory
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motivation for behavior is influenced by measuring benefits and loss, used to understand why victims of abuse stay in situation
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (the order)
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Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization
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Self-Actualization
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status of perfection and operation at highest level of Maslow's pyramid, ongoing process and often not reached by adults
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Three stage model of cultural/racial/ethnic identity development
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Unexamined Identity, Identity search, Identity achievement
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Classic model of identity development
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pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization and commitment
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Strengths perspective
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clients have the capacity to grow, change, and adapt. Based off of humanistic approach
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Five stages of grief
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DABDA - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
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Steps in basic model of religion/spirituality development
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Egocentric, conformist, Integration/universal
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Atypical antipsychotics
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abilify, clozaril, risperdal, seroquel, zyprexa, geodon
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typical antipsychotics
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haldol, loxitane, navane, prolixin, thorazine, mellaril
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Mood stabilizers
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Lithium, Depakote (depakene), Topamax, Lamictal, Tegretol
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SSRIs
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Celexa, Lexapro, Luvox, Paxil, Prozac, Zoloft
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Tricyclics
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Ananfranil, Pamelor, Tofranil, Vivactil
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MAOIs
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Nardil, Parnate
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Tyramine
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in aged foods, avoid if on MAOIs
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Other antidepressants
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Effexor (SNRI), Wellbutrin (NDRI), Remeron, Desyrel
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Antianxiety
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Ativan, Buspar, Klonopin, Xanax, Valium
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Stimulants
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Adderall, Concerta, Dexedrine, Metadate, Ritalin
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Medicine for hypothyroidism
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Levothyroxine sodium, Synthroid
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Hydrocodone (+ acetaminophan)
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most commonly used painkiller
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medicine for blood pressure
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Lisinopril, Metoprolol
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medicine for cholesterol control
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Crestor, Simvastatin
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medicine for asthma
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Ventolin, Advair
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Lyrica
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seizures, nerve pain, fibromyalgia
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Problem Identification
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defining issue in exact terms, with group consensus and a strengths-based approach
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Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
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21-item test (MC), measures depression in adults and adolescents
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
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self-reported classification (E,I) (S,I) (T,F) (J,P)
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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obejctive verbal inventory and personality test, 550 statements, 16 repeated
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
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cognitive abilities for adults and children
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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projective test, ambiguous scenes
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Weschler Intelligence Scales (WISC)
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measure of child's intellectual/cognitive ability, four indexes and a full scale score
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What was NOS replaced with?
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Other Specified, Unspecified Disorder
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Contraindicated
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not recommended or safe to use
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Endogenous vs. Exogenous depression
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biochemical imbalance vs. external event/stressor
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Folie a deux
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shared delusion
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Stages of change (Transtheoretical Model)
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Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance/relapse
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Steps in problem-solving therapy
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EAPIET - Engagement, Assessment, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation, Termination
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Steps of conflict resolution
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Recognition, Assessment, Selection, Intervention
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Live modeling
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watching a person perform desired behavior
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Symbolic modeling
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filmed or video demonstration of desired behavior
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Self-modeling
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clients are videotaped performing desired behavior
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Paricipant modeling
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modeling anxiety-invoking behavior, then client engages
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Covert modeling
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cleint uses imagination
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Six levels of cognition
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KCASE: Knowledge, comprehension, application, synthesis, evaluation
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Three domains of development
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clients have goals in these: cognitive, affect, psychomotor
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behavior modification (couples therapy)
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addresses dysfunctional behavior couples engage in
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insight-oriented psychotherapy (couples therapy)
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studying interactions between individuals
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Gottman method (couples therapy)
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healthy relationships have positive things in common (knowledge of stress, managing conflict, etc.). Goal is to increase communication of intimacy, create empathy
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Cognitive Restructuring
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CBT focused, substituting defeating statements with functional ones. Requires client self-monitoring
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Ethnocentrism
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one's own culture/race/ethnicity is superior to others
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Stratification
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structured inequality based on access
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Pluralism
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society where diversity is tolerated and cooperation is important
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Classical Organizational Theory
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first generation of theories, explained motivation solely as economic reward
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Scientific Management Theory (Theory X)
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find the "best way" to perform a task, match each worker to each task, supervise using rewards/punishments
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Weber's Bureaucratic Theory
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hierarchical structure of power required for stability, behavior is cause and effect
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Administrative Theory
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universal set of management principles can be applied to all organizations
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Neoclassical Theories
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second generation, based upon Hawthorne experiments
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Hawthorne Experiments
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the act of concern by a supervisor and having a platform to voice opinions improves performance and safety by its psychological influence
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Human Relations Theory (Theory Y)
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concern for human need produces creativity, communication, and cohesion
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Modern Organization Approaches
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newest (third) generation, based on mandated and self-organizing networks
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systems approach
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interrelated and interdependent subsystems, with components linking process and goals, composes an organization
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sociotechnical approach
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social system, technical system, and environment (and their interactions with each other) compose an organization
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Contingency/situational approach
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organization interrelated with the environment and type of environment requires corresponding organization
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Stages of community-based decision making
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OCER: Orientation, Conflict, Emergency, Reinformcement
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Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
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banned discrimination based on race, culture, or national origin in federally-funded programs
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Impact of Title IV of the Civil Rights Act
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desegregated all schools/public buildings, banned discriminatory hiring in federal agencies
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Older Americans Act
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Provided services for older americans, especially vulnerable ones (over 60)
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Administration on Aging
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created by OAA, distributes federal funds to states for supportive services in Area Agencies on Aging (AAA)
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Child Abuse and Treatment Act
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Federal funds to states to prevent, help, and proscute abuse and neglect of children, amended several times
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Education for Handicapped Children Act
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createds IEPs, free education for children with disabilities until age 21
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Indian Child Welfare Act
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jurisdiction for native americans over child welfare and placement (hierarchical procedure)
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Adpotion Assistance and Child Welfare Act
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focus in foster care on reunification of families and increased efforts for wellness of adopted/temporarily placed children
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American with Disabilities Act
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reasonable accommodations for mental and physical disabilities, addresses discrimination
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Patient Self-Determination Act
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requires advance directive policies for Medicare/Medicaid, inform patients of rights
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Family and MediclaLeave Act
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Employers required to give 12 weeks of unpaid protective leave for family/medical reasons and protect position
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Multiethnic Placement Act
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prohibits refusing/delaying foster placements based on race or culture
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Violence Against Women Act
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strengthened criminal justice against assaulters
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Rape Shield Law
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offenders cannot use a victim's past sexual conduct against them during trial
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Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
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shift in federal cash assistance for poor. five year lifetime limit on funds, workforce development component added. TANF adn JOBS added
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
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replaced AFDC
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Job Opportunities and Basic Skills
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training program
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Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
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reauthorizes WIA, job-driven training, integrated peformance |
