Astrology Test 1

Front 1

What is the ptolemaic model?

Back 1

Earth centered model of planetary motion created by Ptolemy

Front 2

Why was Ptolemy important to science?

Back 2

Created a solar system model that made accurate predictions of planetary positions.

Front 3

How did the Ptolemaic model explain apparent retrograde motion?

Back 3

Planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the earth.

Front 4

Comet

Back 4

Small icy object orbiting the stars

Front 5

Galaxy

Back 5

Great island of starts held together by gravity orbiting a common center

Front 6

Supercluster

Back 6

Largest structures in the universe.

Front 7

Astronomical unit

Back 7

Average distance of Earth from the sun. 150million km

Front 8

Light year

Back 8

Distance light can travel in a year

Front 9

How must a plant be classified?

Back 9

Must orbit a star, be large enough for its gravity to make it round, and cleared other objects from its path

Front 10

How old is the universe?

Back 10

14 billions years old

Front 11

Observable universe

Back 11

Portion of the universe that can be seen from earth

Front 12

Why doesn't galaxies and galaxy clusters not expand with the rest of the universe?

Back 12

Their gravity is stronger than the force of expansion.

Front 13

How is a star born?

Back 13

When gravity compresses the material in a cloud until the center becomes dense and hot enough to generate energy by nuclear fusion

Front 14

What is nuclear fusion ?

Back 14

Lightweight atomic nuclei smash together and stick to make heavier nuclei

Front 15

Supernovae

Back 15

Explosion of a star, which can potentially create new stars with the leftover matter

Front 16

Dark matter

Back 16

Matter inferred to exist, but no light is detected from it. Dominates total mass of galaxy

Front 17

Ecliptic

Back 17

Path the sun follows as it appears to circle around the celestial sphere one a year

Front 18

Why do we always see the same face of the moon?

Back 18

It has an equal rotational and orbital period

Front 19

Lunar eclipse

Back 19

When the earth is directly between the sun and moon

Front 20

Solar eclipse

Back 20

When the moon is directly between the sun and earth

Front 21

Totality

Back 21

Portion of a total lunar eclipse during which the moon is fully within earth's umbral shadow

Front 22

Total solar eclipse

Back 22

A solar eclipse during which the sun becomes fully blocked by the disk of the moon

Front 23

Why don't we have monthly eclipses?

Back 23

Because the moons orbit is slightly inclined to the elecptic plane

Front 24

Apparent retrograde motion

Back 24

Apparent motion of a planet during a period of a few weeks or months when it moves westward, if viewed from earth.

Front 25

What is actually happening during apparent retrograde motion of Mars?

Back 25

Earth is catching up and passing Mars in their orbits

Front 26

Stellar parallax

Back 26

Apparent shift in the position of a nearby star

Front 27

When does a stellar parallax occur?

Back 27

When we view a star from different positions in earth's orbit

Front 28

A hypothesis must be____________

Back 28

Falsifiable and testable

Front 29

A theory must be

Back 29

Consistent and compatible with evidence, tested in a wide range, and be effective in problem solving

Front 30

Scientific law

Back 30

Description of a natural phenomenon or principle that's holds true under certain conditions and occur under certain circumstances

Front 31

What was the problem with copernicus's idea about the planets

Back 31

That planetary motion must occur in perfect circles

Front 32

What did Tyco Brahe create?

Back 32

More precise evidence for where things were in the sky

Front 33

What was tychos ******* problem?

Back 33

Said all planets orbit the sun except for earth.

Front 34

Ellipse

Back 34

Type of oval that happens to be the shape of bound orbits

Front 35

Focus

Back 35

Points within an ellipse that lie along the major axis

Front 36

Eccentricity

Back 36

Measure of how much an ellipse deviates from a perfect circle

Front 37

Semi major axis

Back 37

Half the distance across the long axis of an ellipse

Front 38

Keplars laws of planetary motion

Back 38

3 laws that describe the motion of the planets around the sun.

Front 39

Keplars 1st law

Back 39

All planets orbit the sun like an ellipse with the sun being the foci

Front 40

Keplars 2nd law

Back 40

A planet moves faster during orbit when it's close to the sun, and slower when its further

Front 41

Keplars 3rd law

Back 41

More distant planets orbit the sun at slower speeds

Front 42

What could Galileo demonstrate with rolling balls ?

Back 42

Objects remain in motion unless acted on by another force

Front 43

Occoms razor

Back 43

The simplest solution is the right one

Front 44

How can we tell the universe isnt perfect?

Back 44

By seeing spots on the sun and craters on the moon

Front 45

Why are there 7 days in a week?

Back 45

Because there 7 ******* objects in the visible sky

Front 46

How did the ptolemaic model explain apparent retrograde motion?

Back 46

Planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around earth

Front 47

What is velocity?

Back 47

Combo of speed and direction of motion

Front 48

What changes during acceleration?

Back 48

Velocity

Front 49

How is momentum calculated?

Back 49

Product of an objects mass and velocity

Front 50

Net force

Back 50

Overall force to which an object responds

Front 51

Torque

Back 51

A twisting force that can change an objects angular momentum

Front 52

Newton's 2nd law

Back 52

States that acceleration of an object is dependent on the net force acting on it and the mass of the object

Front 53

Newtons 3rd law

Back 53

For any force there is an equal and opposite force. Explains gravity in some way idk

Front 54

Conservation momentum states that____________

Back 54

In the absence of net force, the total momentum of a system remains constant

Front 55

Conservation of angular momentum states that

Back 55

If there's there's no net torque, the total angular momentum of a system remains constant

Front 56

Conservation of energy states that

Back 56

Energy can't be created or destroyed

Front 57

What is radiative energy

Back 57

Energy carried by light

Front 58

Potential energy

Back 58

Energy stored for later conversion into kinetic 3

Front 59

Thermal energy

Back 59

Kinetic energy, as measured by temperature of particles in a substance

Front 60

Gravitational potential energy

Back 60

Energy an object has depending on its position in a gravitational field

Front 61

Who discovered potential energy of mass ?

Back 61

Einstein

Front 62

1st universal law of gravity

Back 62

Every mass attracts every other kind of mass through gravity

Front 63

2nd gravity law

Back 63

Strength of gravitational force is proportional to product of masses

Front 64

3rd gravity law

Back 64

Strength of gravity between 2 objects decreases between centers

Front 65

Unbound orbits

Back 65

When an object comes in towards a large body only once. Para or hyper shapes

Front 66

What is the point where 2 objects would balance if they were connected?

Back 66

Center of mass

Front 67

Newtons version of keplars 3rd law is used to calculate_____________________

Back 67

The mass of orbiting objects from measurements of orbital period and distance

Front 68

The sum of planets kinetic and gravitational potential energies is______

Back 68

Orbital energy

Front 69

When 2 objects pass so close they can feel each other's gravity

Back 69

Gravitational encounter

Front 70

A force that occurs when gravitational pull is different on either side of an object

Back 70

Tidal force

Front 71

A net force acting on an object will cause a change in the _______

Back 71

Momentum

Front 72

4 ways that light can interact with matter

Back 72

Emission (bulbs), Absorption (into body), Transmission (glass), reflection/scattering (bounce)

Front 73

Distance between peaks and troughs

Back 73

Wavelength

Front 74

Back 74

Front 75

Synonym for light

Back 75

Electromagnetic field

Front 76

Individual particles of light

Back 76

Photons

Front 77

Complete spectrum of light

Back 77

Radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Front 78

What makes up an atom?

Back 78

Nucleus, protons, electrons, neutrons

Front 79

What is the atomic number

Back 79

Number of protons

Front 80

Atomic mass number

Back 80

Number of protons and neutrons

Front 81

When molecules split at high temps and slam ass

Back 81

Molecular dissociation

Front 82

Ion

Back 82

Atoms positively charged

Front 83

Ionization

Back 83

Stripping electrons from atoms

Front 84

Hot gas consisting of ions and electrons

Back 84

Plasma

Front 85

Force pushing on objects surface

Back 85

Pressure

Front 86

In what ways do atoms contain energy

Back 86

Virtue of mass, virtue of motion, and electrical potential energy

Front 87

3 types of spectra

Back 87

Continuous, emission line, absorption line(dark)

Front 88

1st law of thermal radiation

Back 88

Each square meter of a hotter object surface emits more light

Front 89

2nd law of thermal radiation

Back 89

Hotter objects emit photons with higher average energy

Front 90

What is the doppler effect

Back 90

Increase or decrease in waves as the source moves toward of away from the observer

Front 91

Rest wavelength

Back 91

Wavelength of a spectral feature with no doppler shift