Arth 101 Exam 3

Front 1

aisle

Back 1

The portion of a basilica flanking the nave and separated from it by a row of columns or piers.

Front 2

ambulatory

Back 2

A covered walkway, outdoors or indoors; especially the passageway around the apse and the choir of a church .

Front 3

baptistery

Back 3

In Christian architecture, the building used for baptism, usually situated next to a church. Also, the designated area of hall within a church for baptismal rites.

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Blind niche

Back 4

a very shallow recess or niche in a wall, like a window but blocked, so “blind.

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catacomb

Back 5

In the hallows; Subterranean networks of rock-cut galleries and chambers designed as cemeteries for the burial of the dead

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Chi-Rho

Back 6

a monogram of chi (Χ) and rho (Ρ) as the first two letters of Greek Khristos Christ, used as a Christian symbol.

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clerestory

Back 7

The fenestrated part of a building that rises above the roofs of the other parts. The oldest known clerestories are Egyptian. In Roman basilicas and medieval churches, clerestories are the windows that form the naves uppermost level below the timber ceiling or the vaults.

Front 8

cloisonné

Back 8

A decorative metalwork technique employing cloisons; also, decorative brickwork in later Byzantine architecture.

Front 9

codex, codices

Back 9

separate pages of vellum or parchment bound together at one side; the predecessor of the modern book. The codex superseded the rotulus. In Mesoamerica, a painted and inscribed book on long sheets of bark paper or deerskin coated with fine white plaster and folded into accordion-like pleats.

Front 10

cruciform

Back 10

Cross-shaped

Front 11

gable

Back 11

double-pitched roof

Front 12

Greek Cross

Back 12

a cross of which all four arms are of equal length.

Front 13

icon

Back 13

A portrait or image; especially in Byzantine churches, a panel with a painting of sacred personages that are objects of veneration. In the visual arts, a painting, a piece of sculpture, or even a building regarded as an object of veneration.

Front 14

iconoclasm

Back 14

The destruction of religious or sacred images. In Byzantium, the period for 726 to 843 when there was an imperial ban on such images. The destroyers of images were known as iconoclasts. Those who opposed such a ban were known as iconophilies.

Front 15

Latin cross

Back 15

a plain cross in which the vertical part below the horizontal is longer than the other three parts

Front 16

mandorla

Back 16

An almond shaped nimbus surrounding the figure of Christ or other sacred figure. In Buddhist Japan , s lotus petal shaped nimbus

Front 17

martyrium

Back 17

A shrine to a Christian martyr.

Front 18

narthex

Back 18

A porch or vestibule of a church, generally colonnaded or arcaded an preceding the nave.

Front 19

nave

Back 19

The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns

Front 20

orant

Back 20

In Early Christian art, a figure with both arms raised in the ancient gesture of prayer.

Front 21

parchment

Back 21

Lambskin prepared as a surface for painting or writing

Front 22

pendentives

Back 22

A concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square area to the circular bas of a covering dome. Although pendentives appear to be hanging pendant from the dome, they in fact support it.

Front 23

polyptich

Back 23

generally refers to a painting (usually panel painting) which is divided into sections, or panels.

Front 24

squinch

Back 24

An architectural device used as a transition from a square to a polygonal or circular bas for a dome

Front 25

tessera, tesserae

Back 25

Greek, "cube." A tine stone or piece of glass cut to the desired shape and size for use in forming a mosaic

Front 26

transept

Back 26

the short arms of a Latin cross form)

Front 27

vellum

Back 27

calfskin

Front 28

Tunnel vault

Back 28

A barrel or tunnel vault, semicylindrical in cross-section, is in effect a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space

Front 29

Barrel Vault

Back 29

A barrel or tunnel vault, semicylindrical in cross-section, is in effect a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space

Front 30

Groin Vault

Back 30

A groin or cross vault is formed at the point at which two barrel vaults intersect at right angles.

Front 31

Dome/Drum

Back 31

A hemispheric vault; theoretically, an arch rotated on its vertical axis.

Front 32

Voussoirs

Back 32

a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch.

Front 33

Keystone

Back 33

a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together.

Front 34

Dressed stone

Back 34

A building stone that has been shaped -- either by flaking, pecking, groove-and-snapping, or grinding.

Front 35

colonnades

Back 35

A row of columns supporting arches, a lintel, or an entablature. Colonnades have been used along streets, courtyards, and around temples such as the Parthenon.

Front 36

Nave

Back 36

The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.

Front 37

Portico

Back 37

a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals, typically attached as a porch to a building

Front 38

Oculus

Back 38

a round or eyelike opening or design, in particular

Front 39

coffering

Back 39

A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling.

Front 40

buttress

Back 40

An exterior masonry structure that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or a vault. A pier buttress is a solid mass of masonry; a flying buttress consists typically of an inclined member carried on an arch or a series of arches and a solid buttress to which it transmits lateral thrust.

Front 41

Colosseum

Back 41

a large theater or stadium.

Front 42

aqueduct

Back 42

an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley

Front 43

Trajan's Column

Back 43

ribbonded bas-relief

Front 44

Triumphal Arch

Back 44

a monumental archway; usually they are built to commemorate some notable victory

Front 45

spolia

Back 45

Spolia is the re-use of earlier building material or decorative sculpture on new monuments

Front 46

spandrels

Back 46

piers, the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework

Front 47

Triumvirate

Back 47

in ancient Rome) a group of three men holding power, in particular

Front 48

Tetrarchy

Back 48

Greek, "rule by four." A type of Roman government established in the late third century ce by Diocletian in an attempt to establish order by sharing power with potential rivals.

Front 49

Menorah

Back 49

In antiquity, the Jewish sacred seven-branched candelabrum.

Front 50

Roman Periods:
-Kings

Back 50

753-509 BC

Front 51

Roman Periods:
-Republic

Back 51

509-27 BC

Front 52

Roman Periods:
-Early Empire

Back 52

27BC-AD 96

Front 53

Roman Periods
-High Empire

Back 53

96-192 AD

Front 54

Roman Periods
-Late Empire

Back 54

193-337 AD--Decline

Front 55

Concrete

Back 55

A building material invented by the Romans and consisting of various proportions of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water, and small stones.

Front 56

Monasteries

Back 56

A group of buildings in which monks live together, set apart from the secular community of a town.

Front 57

Book of Durrow

Back 57

The Book of Durrow is a 7th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular style

Front 58

Book of Kells

Back 58

The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800

Front 59

Lindesfarne Gospels

Back 59

The Lindisfarne Gospels is an illuminated manuscript gospel book produced around the year 700 in a monastery off the coast of Northumberland at Lindisfarne

Front 60

refectory

Back 60

The dining hall of a Christian monastery

Front 61

scriptorium

Back 61

The writing studio of a monastery

Front 62

westwork

Back 62

German, "western entrance structure" the façade and towers at the western end of a medieval church, principally in Germany. In contemporaneous documents the westwork is called a castellum

Front 63

cloisonné

Back 63

A decorative metalwork technique employing cloisons; also, decorative brickwork in later Byzantine architecture

Front 64

enamel

Back 64

A decorative coating, usually colored, fused onto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramics.

Front 65

gilding

Back 65

the process of applying gold leaf or gold paint.

Front 66

horrow vacuii

Back 66

a fear or dislike of leaving empty spaces, esp. in an artistic composition.

Front 67

interlace

Back 67

bands or portions of other motifs are looped, braided, and knotted in complex geometric patterns, often to fill a space

Front 68

Styles/ Period dates
-Vikings

Back 68

(c. 800-1000)

Front 69

Styles/ Period dates
-Anglo-Saxon

Back 69

(7th C—600-700)

Front 70

Styles/ Period dates
-Hiberno-Saxon

Back 70

(c. 650-800)

Front 71

Styles/ Period dates
-Carolingian

Back 71

(9th C—800-900)

Front 72

Styles/ Period dates
-Ottonian

Back 72

(c. 950-1050)