Art Survey Ii Midterm- Late Medieval

Front 1

Aisle

Back 1

the portion of a basilica flanking the nave and separated from it by a row of columns or piers

Front 2

apse

Back 2

A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church.

Front 3

arcade

Back 3

A series of arches supported by piers or columns

Front 4

arch

Back 4

A curved structural member that spans an opening and is generally composed of wedge-shaped blocks(voussoirs) that transmit the downward pressure laterally

Front 5

arriccio

Back 5

In fresco painting, the first layer of rough lime plaster applied to the wall

Front 6

barrel vault

Back 6

A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle. A barrel or tunnel vault, semicylindrical in crosssection,is in effect a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space.

Front 7

basilica

Back 7

In Roman architecture, a civic building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan with an entranceusually on a long side. In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usuallyentered from one end and with an apse at the other

Front 8

battlement

Back 8

A low parapet at the top of a circuit wall in a fortification

Front 9

bay

Back 9

The space between two columns, or one unit in the nave arcade of a church; also the passageway in an arcuatedgate

Front 10

buon fresco

Back 10

Painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco or fresco secco) or wet (true or buon fresco). In the latter method,the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster. Also, a paintingexecuted in either method.

Front 11

campanile

Back 11

A bell tower of a church, usually, but not always, freestanding

Front 12

capital

Back 12

The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel. In classical architecture,the form of the capital varies with the order.

Front 13

cathedral

Back 13

A bishop's church

Front 14

chancel arch

Back 14

The arch separating the chancel (the apse or choir) or the transept from the nave of a church

Front 15

clerestory

Back 15

The fenestrated part of a building that rises above the roofs of the other parts. The oldest known clerestories areEgyptian. In Roman basilicas and medieval churches, clerestories are the windows that form the nave’suppermost level below the timber ceiling or the vaults

Front 16

column

Back 16

A vertical, weight-carrying architectural member, circular in cross-section and consisting of a base (sometimesomitted), a shaft, and a capital

Front 17

confraternity

Back 17

In late antiquity, an association of Christian families pooling funds to purchase property for burial. In late medievalEurope, an organization founded by laypersons who dedicated themselves to strict religious observances.

Front 18

corbel

Back 18

A projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure. Also, courses of stone orbrick in which each course projects beyond the one beneath it. Two such walls, meeting at the topmost course,create a corbeled arch or corbeled vault.

Front 19

Corinthiancapital

Back 19

A more ornate form than Doric or Ionic; it consists of a double row of acanthus leaves from which tendrils andflowers grow, wrapped around a bell-shaped echinus. Although this capital form is often cited as thedistinguishing feature of the Corinthian order, there is, strictly speaking, no Corinthian order, but only this style ofcapital used in the Ionic order

Front 20

crossing

Back 20

The space in a cruciform church formed by the intersection of the nave and the transept.

Front 21

cruciform

Back 21

Cross shaped

Front 22

façade

Back 22

Usually, the front of a building; also, the other sides when they are emphasized architecturally

Front 23

florin

Back 23

The denomination of gold coin of Renaissance Florence that became an international currency for trade.

Front 24

foreshortening

Back 24

The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in spaceat an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight

Front 25

fresco

Back 25

Painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco or fresco secco) or wet (true or buon fresco). In the latter method,the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster. Also, a paintingexecuted in either method

Front 26

fresco secco

Back 26

Painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco or fresco secco) or wet (true or buon fresco). In the latter method,the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster. Also, a paintingexecuted in either method.

Front 27

giornata (pl.giornate)

Back 27

Italian, “day.” The section of plaster that a fresco painter expects to complete in one session.

Front 28

Gothic

Back 28

Originally a derogatory term named after the Goths, used to describe the history, culture, and art of westernEurope in the 12th to 14th centuries.

Front 29

grisaille

Back 29

A monochrome painting done mainly in neutral grays to simulate sculpture.

Front 30

Guild

Back 30

An association of master craftspeople, apprentices, and tradespeople

Front 31

humanism

Back 31

In the Renaissance, an emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge (especially of classical antiquity),the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic responsibility and moralduty.

Front 32

icon

Back 32

A portrait or image; especially in Byzantine churches, a panel with a painting of sacred personages that areobjects of veneration. In the visual arts, a painting, a piece of sculpture, or even a building regarded as an objectof veneration.

Front 33

illuminatedmanuscript

Back 33

A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations.

Front 34

InternationalStyle

Back 34

A style of 14th- and 15th-century painting begun by Simone Martini, who adapted the French Gothic manner toSienese art fused with influences from the North. This style appealed to the aristocracy because of its brilliantcolor, lavish costume, intricate ornament, and themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies. Also astyle of 20th-century architecture associated with Le Corbusier, whose elegance of design came to influence thelook of modern office buildings and skyscrapers

Front 35

intonaco

Back 35

In fresco painting, the last layer of smooth lime plaster applied to the wall; the painting layer.

Front 36

machiolatedgallery

Back 36

A gallery in a defensive tower with holes in the floor to allow stones or hot liquids to be dumped on enemiesbelow.

Front 37

maniera greca

Back 37

Italian, “Greek manner,” The Italo-Byzantine painting style of the 13th century.

Front 38

Mass

Back 38

The Catholic and Orthodox ritual in which believers understand that Christ’s redeeming sacrifice on the cross isrepeated when the priest consecrates the bread and wine in the Eucharist

Front 39

mendicants

Back 39

In medieval Europe, friars belonging to the Franciscan and Dominican orders, who renounced all worldly goods,lived by contributions of laypersons (the word mendicant means "beggar"), and devoted themselves to preaching,teaching, and doing good works

Front 40

monastic order

Back 40

An organization of monks living according to the same rules, for example, the Benedictine, Franciscan, andDominican or

Front 41

naturalism

Back 41

The style of painted or sculptured representation based on close observation of the natural world that wasat the core of the classical tradition

Front 42

nave

Back 42

The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.

Front 43

oculus

Back 43

Latin, "eye." The round central opening of a dome. Also, a small round window in a Gothic cathedral

Front 44

ogee arch

Back 44

An arch made up of two double-curving lines meeting at a point.

Front 45

ogive (adj.,ogival)

Back 45

The diagonal rib of a Gothic vault; a pointed, or Gothic, arch

Front 46

parapet

Back 46

A low protective wall along the edge of a balcony or roof.

Front 47

perspective

Back 47

A method of presenting an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface. In linearperspective, the most common type, all parallel lines or surface edges converge on one, two, or threevanishing points located with reference to the eye level of the viewer (the horizon line of the picture), andassociated objects are rendered smaller the farther from the viewer they are intended to seem.Atmospheric, or aerial, perspective creates the illusion of distance by the greater diminution of colorintensity, the shift in color toward an almost neutral blue, and the blurring of contours as the intendeddistance between eye and object increases.

Front 48

pier

Back 48

A vertical, freestanding masonry support.

Front 49

pinnacle

Back 49

In Gothic churches, a sharply pointed ornament capping the piers or flying buttresses; also used on churchfacades.

Front 50

predella

Back 50

The narrow ledge on which an altarpiece rests on an altar

Front 51

pulpit

Back 51

A raised platform in a church on which a priest stands while leading the religious service

Front 52

punchwork

Back 52

Tooled decorative work in gold leaf.

Front 53

revetment

Back 53

In architecture, a wall covering or facing.

Front 54

rose window

Back 54

A circular stained-glass window

Front 55

sarcophagus

Back 55

Latin, "consumer of flesh."A coffin, usually of stone.

Front 56

sinopia

Back 56

A burnt-orange pigment used in fresco painting to transfer a cartoon to the arriccio before the artist paintsthe plaster.

Front 57

stigmata

Back 57

In Christian art, the wounds that Christ received at his crucifixion that miraculously appear on the body of asaint.

Front 58

tempera

Back 58

A technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, glue, or casein; also the medium itself

Front 59

tracery

Back 59

Ornamental stonework for holding stained glass in place, characteristic of Gothic cathedrals. In platetracery the glass fills only the "punched holes" in the heavy ornamental stonework. In bar tracery thestained-glass windows fill almost the entire opening, and the stonework is unobtrusive

Front 60

tramezzo

Back 60

A screen placed across the nave of a church to separate the clergy from the lay audience.

Front 61

transept

Back 61

The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle.

Front 62

trefoil

Back 62

A cloverlike ornament or symbol with stylized leaves in groups of three.

Front 63

triptych

Back 63

A three-paneled painting or altarpiece.

Front 64

vault

Back 64

A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle.