Art History Final Exam

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-1700-1770

-This time period is one that is described as shell shaped

-curvilinear

-pastel colors were incorporated in art,

-the art invited sitting and leisure actively

-responding to the death of King Louis XIV

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ROCOCO

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-studied with with Boucher

-Boucher encouraged hime to enter the competition for the Prix de Rome

-painted “The Swing” (view up lady’s skirt on swing)

-humorous

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Jean- Honore Fragonard

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- most closely associated with Parisian Rococo painting after Watteau’s death

-painted the “Girl Reclining: Louise O’ Murphy (painted in 1751)

-became the First Painter to King Louis XV in 1765

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Francois Boucher

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-Painted the “Pilgrimage to the Island of Cypthera” (painted in 1717)

-has been seen as the originator and for some the great practitioner of the Rococo style in painting

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Jean-Antoine Watteau

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-was the first interior designer

-designed the “Salon De La Princesse Hotel De Soubise"

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Germain Boffrand

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-1750-1850

-An emphasis on mythological themes and classical representation of the figure

-an emphasis on patriotism

-logical, tried to perfect

-nature is controllable

-flat print surface

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Neoclassicism

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-Venetian artist

- it was thought that this artist used camera obscura to render his vedute (A veduta (Italian for "view"; plural vedute) is a highly detailed, usually large-scale painting or, actually more often print, of a cityscape or some other vista) with exact topographical accuracy.

- created “The Doge’s Palace and the Riva Degli Schiavoni"

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Giovanni Antonio Canal aka Canaletto

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-a group of people that feel that the aristocracy needs to return to their duty to the state

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Neoclassicism

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-sculpted “Pauline Borghese as Venus” (portrait of Napoleon’s sister, Pauline) (1808)

- was the leading sculptor of the late 18th and early 19th century

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Antonio Canova

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-German

-close friend of Winckelmann’s

-painted “Parnassus” on a ceiling

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Anton Raphael Mengs

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-first official artist of the French Republic and Napoleon

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Jacques-Louis David

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Large Odalisque. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Romanticism (1814)

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Third of May, 1808. Francisco Goya. Romanticism (1814-15)

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The Raft of Medusa. Theodore Gericault. Romanticism 1818-19)

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Oath of the Haratii. Jacques-Louis David. Neoclassicism (1784-85)

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Forever Free. Edmonia Lewis. Neoclassicism (1867).

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-an art movement that came to prominence in Paris, France during the 1870's and 80's.

-Started in 1873 as the "Societe Anonyme des Artistes”.

-They rebelled against bourgeois taste and the restrictive atmosphere of the Academy and of the officially sanctioned art exhibits held each summer in Paris known as the "Salons”.

-They were inspired in this by the actions of earlier artists like Manet and Courbet whose work had also met with official and public hostility and derision.

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Impressionism

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Houses of Parliament, London. Barry & Pugin. Neoclassicism (1836-60)

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Le Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe. Edouard Manet. Realism (1863)

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Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (In Sun). Claude Monet. Impressionism (1894).

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Les Desmoiselles D'Avignon. Pablo Picasso. Cubism (1907)

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Ma Jolie. Pablo Picaso. Cubism (1911-12)

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. Georges Seurat. Impressionism (1884-86).

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-Cezanne, Seurat, Van Gogh & Gauguin are the major figures to study here. These are ground-breaking artists influenced by - but younger than the earlier Impressionists.

-These figures link the 19th with the 20th centuries

- Cezanne, for instance is known as the "Father of Modern Art".Post-Impressionism

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Post-Impressionism

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L.H.O.O.Q.

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Marcel Duchamp. Dadaism (1919)

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Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. Umberto Boccioni. Cubism (1913).

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Violin and Palette. Georges Braque. Analytical Cubism (1909-10)

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The Death of General Wolfe. Benjamin West. Romanticism (1770

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-19th century

-Rooted in Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt to bring back art for the Louvre

- iinvention of photography fuels this movement

-Accepted in the French Academy because it it is something that is foreign and exotic in France

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Orientalism

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Artists Within Orientalism

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-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Gerome

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Moulin de la Galette. Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Impressionism (1876)

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Mont Sainte-Victoire. Paul Cezanne. Post-Impressionism (1885-87)

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-Late 19th Century

-Can see the move towards abstraction

-Reaction toward the horrors of society.

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Symbolism

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Artists within Symbolism

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-Munch

-Ensor

Moreau

-Abbot

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Wainwright Building, St. Louis. Louis Sullivan. Post-Impressionism (1890-91).

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1907-1920s

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Cubism

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Founded in Zurich Switzerland by a group of refugees protesting ww1. They protested the destruction and degradation. Overthrow authority and cultivate absurdity. Denounce and shock with their art.

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Dadaism (1916-20s)

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“Fountain” 1917

-Not known for talent but for concepts. Thinking of new art or idea was more important than finishing.

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Marcel Duchamp

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Artists within Dadaism (1916- 20s)

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-Marcel Duchamp

-Kurt Schwitters

-Man Ray

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Merzbild 5 B (Picture Red Heart-Church) (April 26, 1919)

-collage includes printed fragments of newspaper scraps to comment on fragments from the street to comment on the postwar disordered of a defeated Germany.

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Kurt Schwitters

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”The Gift” (1921)

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Man Ray

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-1920s-1930s

- a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of Dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams

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Surrealism

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-1930s

-Based on Sigmund Freud’s work - all tools that the used are meant to dismantle the unconcious

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American Regionalism

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Artists Within American Regionalism

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-Dorothea Lange

-Edward Hopper

-Grant Wood

- Jacob Lawrence

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The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali, 1935

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Artists within Surrealism

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-Salvador Dali

-Max Ernst

-Jean Arp

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Arp, Collage with Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

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Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930,

*American Regionalism*

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Woman I. Willem de Kooning. Abstract Expressionism (1950-52).

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Autumn Rhythm (Number 30). Jackson Pollock. Abstract Expressionism (1950).

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Untitled. Donald Judd. Minimalism (1969)

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- “The Third of May, 1808"

-1814-1815

The brightest illumination falls on the huddled victims to the left, whose numbers include a monk or friar in prayer. To the immediate right and at the center of the canvas, other condemned figures stand next in line to be shot. The central figure is the brilliantly lit man kneeling amid the bloodied corpses of those already executed, his arms flung wide in either appeal or defiance. His yellow and white clothing repeats the colors of the lantern. His plain white shirt and sun-burnt face show he is a simple laborer

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Francisco Goya (Romanticism)

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-"The Night Cafe”

1888

["blood red and acid yellow" contrast of red and free, LIGHT = functions expressively, golden light, not naturalistic, SPACE = recession, tilt in the room, uneasy, receding lines, COLOR = strong contrast, BRUSH STROKES= amp up emotion

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Vincent Van Gough (Post-Impressionism)

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- "Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?”

-1897

-Cycle of life, birth - death, Adam and Eve = fruit, women/children/dog=birth and innocence, from the tree of knowledge, white bird = futility of life, abstract colors/forms]

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Paul Gauguin (Post Impressionism)

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- “The Scream”

-1893

-German expressionism, isolated and terrified, abstruse in selective details, elongated head- parallel to open mouth, curvilinear form interrupted by bridge, human is alone, "colors were screaming

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Edward Munch (Symbolism)

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-1913

-Street, Berlin

-German expressionism, formal elements of expressive color, isolation in the city, sharp rigid figures and visible brush strokes

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Expressionism)