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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Siddhartha Gautama |
Birth name of the Buddha |
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Samsara |
Cyclical Existence. Life is eternal. No ultimate death, only infinite existence. |
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Karma |
"action". The action that determine the condition of one's future lives/existence. |
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Dharma |
"duty". In Buddhism, refers to teachings of the Buddha. |
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Punya |
"merit". Tally of good karma. |
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Nirvana |
Final liberation from cyclical existence (samsara) |
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Sangha |
Refers collectively to the community of Buddhist monks and nuns. |
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Bodhisattva |
Individuals who refrain from gaining enlightenment b/c they want to help others attain enlightenment. |
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Origin of Buddhism |
India |
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3 Main Gods of Hinduism |
Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi (the Goddess) |
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Shiva Nataraja |
"Lord of the Dance". Manifestation of Shiva where he destroys the world through dance. |
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Darshan |
"exchanging glances" Making eye contact with religious icon. |
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Gopura |
Large gateway of a Hindu temple. |
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Mandapa |
Pillared entrance hall of a Hindu temple. |
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Rajaraja |
King responsible for building the Rajarajesvara Temple. |
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Linga |
Phallic representation of Shiva. |
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Southern India |
Temples tend to be more horizontally based; thus they cover more ground. |
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Northern India |
Temples tend to be more vertically based so they are higher in the sky like mountains. This is to mimic the gods up in the Himalayas - physically and spiritually above us. |
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Islam |
Spiritual base is founded upon the Koran, written record of holy revelation as spoken through and by Muhammad. Five daily Prayers. |
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Qibla |
Direction of Muslim prayer towards the Ka'ba, indicated in a mosque by a niche called mihrab. |
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Mihrab |
Niche or alcove in a mosque wall, indicating the Qibla |
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The Mughals |
Islamic rulers of northern and central India |
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Mumtaz Mahal |
Beloved wife of Sha Jahan The Taj Mahal is her tomb. |
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Major Iconographic Characteristics of Islamic Architecture |
1) Heavy use of floral/vegetal motifs - referring to Paradise Gardens 2)Geometric motifs - non-iconic forms of god. 3)Written word/word of god. No microphones, written word was the way to show god in large spaces. |
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Mahayana Buddhism |
"The greater raft"; more esoteric in nature and are geared to the lay community. |
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Bodhisattva |
Compassionate beings who reach enlightenment instead of attaining Nirvana; they remain behind to help others reach enlightenment as well. |
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Vajra |
Thunderbolt |
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Swayambhu Jyotirupa |
Self-manifest in the form of light; name given to primordial Buddha (Adi Buddha) who has no figural form. |
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Jina Buddhas |
5 celestial Buddhas; color coded and oriented to the cardinal directions. |
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The Three Perfections |
1. Poetry 2. Calligraphy 3. Landscape painting |
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Characteristics of Chinese Landscape Painting |
Pictorial unification. Monochromatic palette Ink on silk becomes primary medium Emphasis on brushwork Copy the work of the masters Disinterest in scientific perspective 3 Main components: Mountain, water, mist. |
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Southern Song. Two types of Artists: |
Academic (Professional) - Highly skilled artists who painted naturalistic depictions and were employed at court as artists. Literati - Amateur artists who painted as a means of self-expression, much the same way they wrote poetry. |
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Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism |
Originated in China via Indian prince Bodhidharma
No need to rely on Buddhist texts. |
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Shintoism |
"The way of the gods" |
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Kami |
"spirits" that reside in natural places such as in animals, plants, stones, mountains, rivers, people, and even the dead. |
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Amida Buddha |
Buddha of the Western Paradise; oft depicted on a lotus. |
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Kannon |
Japanese term for the "bodhisattva of compassion" aka Avalokiteshvara |
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Pureland Buddhism
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Sect of Buddhism where as long as one has faith in Amida Buddha then they will be reborn in Western paradise.
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E-maki |
Illustrated/Illuminated handscoll ex. scroll of frolicking animals |
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e-makimono |
Narrative illustrated handscroll ex. Tale of genji |
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onna-e |
"Feminine" painting, associated with the private world and inner emotions of the Heian courtier. ex. Tale of genji |
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Otoko-e |
"Masculine" painting; associated w/ public and exterior worlds. ex. History tales and Buddhist text. |
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Kuya |
Buddhist devotee who walked around Japan chanting the nembutsu |
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Nembutsu |
Buddhist mantra where one constantly repeats the Amida's name |
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Kongo Rikishiki |
Guardian figures (Agyo and Ungyo), like in the gate at Todai-ji. |
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Koan |
Paradoxical statement or question used as a meditation discipline for novices |
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Splashed ink style |
Developed by Sesshu; wet ink splashed on canvas to convey form. |
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Angkor Wat |
Temple dedicated to Vishnu Miniature replica of the universe; represents earthly model of the cosmic world. Oriented to the west rather than the east. |
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Suryavarman II |
King responsible for the construction of Angkor Wat. |