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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1915-20 for movements that started during WWI:
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-Malevich’s Russian Suprematism
-Mondrian’s early work (DeStijl) -O’Keeffe’s early work (Biomorphic Abstraction before flower and skyscrapers) -DADA, including Duchamp (though the Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even is both Dada and Surreal, since he worked on it until 1923, and the Given: 1. The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas is 1946; think of it as Surreal, and date it to the end of the course, c. 1945) |
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1925-30 for movements between two world wars:
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-Mondrian’s mature work (the Compositions in Red, Blue and Yellow)
-O’Keeffe’s mature work (the flower and skyscraper paintings) -Russian Constructivism -American Precisionism -German Bauhaus -Surrealism |
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c. 1937 for Spanish Civil War, prelude to WWII:
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Picasso’s Guernica (think Demoiselles of 1907, but add 30 years)
Context: Spanish Civil War, a dress rehearsal for WWII |
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c. 1940-50 for artists working during or after WWII:
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Frida Kahlo (Latin American Modernism)
Duchamp’s Given: 1. The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas (Surreal) |
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What is the name and date of this artist?
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Artist: Malevich, Kasimir
Title of Work: Black Square Date of Work: 1913 |
Movement: Russian Suprematism
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Malevich, Kasimir
Title of Work: Suprematist Composition: Red Square and Black Square Date of Work: 1915. The tilted square adds a sense of implied movements suggesting a flight from the material/physical world. |
Movement: Russian Suprematism, this image is the forerunner of the later 1960's movement, Minimalism.
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Artist/Date?
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Malevich, Kasimir
Title of Work: Suprematist Composition Date of Work: c. 1915 |
Movement: Russian Suprematism
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Artist/Year
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Artist: Malevich, Kasimir
Title of Work: Suprematist Composition Date of Work: c. 1915 |
Movement: Russian Suprematism
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Artist/Year
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Composition in Color A Date of Work: 1917 |
Movement: DeStijl
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Evolution Triptych Date of Work: 1911 |
Movement: DeStijl
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Flowering Apple Tree Date of Work: 1912 |
Movement: DeStijl
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Color Planes in Oval Date of Work: 1913-14 |
Movement: DeStijl
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Tableau II Date of Work: 1921-25 |
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Composition with Red, Blue, Yellow Date of Work: 1930 |
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Composition with Red, Blue, & Yellow Date of Work: 1935-1942 |
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Context: Hard Edge Geometric Abstraction
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Piet Mondrian (Dutch) and Kasimir Malevich (Russian)
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Artist: Mondrian, Piet
Title of Work: Broadway Boogie-Woogie Date of Work: 1942-43 |
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Carried abstraction to its ultimate geometric simplification.
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Kasimir Malevich
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The Square
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Suprematism: The supremacy of pure feeling in and of itself.
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Shifted away from representation and mimesis and towards the purity of mathematical geometry
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Kasimir Malevich
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To Malevich, The Square is...
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Feeling
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To Malevich, the White Field is...
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The void beyond this feeling
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Before 1932...
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Russia was the most progressive country in the world in terms of modern abstract art because of Malevich.
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These two artists both believed that spirit and feeling rule over matter
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Malevich & Kandinksy
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1915 Malevich exhibition was titled...
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Suprematist, and showcased 35 works
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Said: "I look at nature and I see shapes."
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Georgia O'Keeffe
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First American to develop an abstracting style that was not directly derived from European models.
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Georgia O'Keeffe
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For her nature is seen as abstract shapes and "felt" as interiorized body experiences (the "inner haptic").
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Georgia O'Keeffe
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Light Coming on the Plains III Date of Work: 1917 |
light coming on the plains references O'Keeffe's experience teaching in the open sky country of Texas; American Abstraction
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Evening Star No. IV Date of Work: 1917 |
American Abstraction: For O'Keeffe, the hidden drama of nature is not the underlying grid but a spiral, which uncoils with a biomorphic rhythm that signifies both the organic and the body
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Music - Pink and Blue, II Date of Work: 1919 |
music represented as color and free-floating forms, influenced by Kandinsky's ideas of synaesthesia
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Black Iris III Date of Work: 1926 |
Unlike traditional flower painting with its symbolism of nature's passing or its "safe subject" status, she abstracts the flower through scale and close-up until its forms fill the entire space with an allover pattern. She uses the flower not only to fill the space with shape, but also to speak abstractly of the body as something lived in rather than as an object viewed by an outside gaze. The flower becomes both landscape and bodyscape, referencing the "inner haptic" (interiorized body experiences)
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: The Shelton with Sunspots Date of Work: 1926 |
Here she is more geometric because her urban subject dictates it, but it would seem wrong to simply label this work "Precisionist" as a result, the image is less motivated by a utopian machine beauty than it is by a kind of magic realism, which focuses on a personal, transformative vision rather than a machine aesthetic.
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Never eliminates the personal in vision.
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Georgia O'Keffee
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O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Radiator Building at Night, NY Date of Work: 1927 |
Note how even smoke (pictured at the right) has a hard, crisp edge, though she makes a wonderful biomorphic shape out of it. There is nothing fuzzy about O'Keeffe's vision. This work is defined and clearly directed. "Abstraction is often the most definite form for the intangible thing in myself that I can only clarify in paint.
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O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Jack-in-the Pulpit No. III Date of Work: 1930 |
Her biomorphic forms are more metamorphic, suggesting growth and regeneration, as well as body metaphors. The movement here in this series based on the Jack-in-the-Pulpit will be inward, into the flower, with a latent referencing of the sexualized body.
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Which artist was apart of the DeStijl movement?
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Piet Mondrian
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Which artist was apart of the Russian Supremacists movement(1915-1920)?
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Kasimir Malevich
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Mexican Modernist or Mexican Surrealist (1940-1950)?
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Frida Kahlo
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What artists were apart of the Berlin Dada movement (1914-1921)?
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George Grosz and Raoul Hausmann
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What artist was apart of the Hannover Dada movement (1919-1926)?
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Kurt Schwitters
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Which artist created works that references cubism and futurism and foreshadows Dada (1911-1917)
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Marcel Duchamp
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This artist belonged to the Russian Constructivism Movement:
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Naum Gabo
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This artist was apart of the American Precisionism movement:
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Chalres Sheeler
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This person was at the first director and architect of Bauhaus movement:
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Walter Gropius
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The German Bauhaus was lead by:
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Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee
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International Style was an Architectural movement where this artist believed that a house was designed as a machine or tool for living
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Le Corbusier
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These artists were key players in the Surrealists movement:
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Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, Marcel Duchamp, Andre Breton, Max Ernst, Joan Miro
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The surrealist manifesto was written by Andrea Breton in:
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1924
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Bauhaus believed in 3 tenets:
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1. Less is more
2. Form follows function 3. Art and technology as a new unity |
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O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. IV
Date of Work: 1930 |
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Artist: O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. V Date of Work: 1930 |
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O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: Nature Forms Date of Work: 1932 |
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O'Keeffe, Georgia
Title of Work: From the Faraway Nearby Date of Work: 1937 |
animal skull set in the southwest desert. O'Keeffe never felt these pictures of skulls were about death. She claimed such bones looked very lively to her. O'Keeffe clearly liked the complexity of shape she found in these skull bones. The strange, hypnotic clarity of the scene coupled with the mysterious shift in scale suggested by the picture's title go beyond the material world to suggest a more metaphysical reality that borders on the surreal.
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Artist: Arp, Hans
Title of Work: Collage Arranged by the Laws of Chance Date of Work: 1916-17 |
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Artist: Arp, Hans
Title of Work: Fleur Manteau (Plant Hammer) Date of Work: 1916 |
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Grosz, George
Title of Work: War Fever
Date of Work: 1914 WWI Movement: Berlin Dada |
Dada anti-art, working deliberately against the aesthetic and the academic. Grosz is always best when he hates. anti-expressionistic in that it is not about the artist searching his own tortured soul or expressing his internal spiritual angst or precious psyche
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Grosz, George
Title of Work: Riot of the Insane Date of Work: 1915 |
There is no innocence in this scene he calls "Riot of the Insane." The image is drawn out of hatred and disgust.
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Artist: Grosz, George
Title of Work: Fit for Active Service Date of Work: 1916-17 |
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Grosz, George
Title of Work: At 5:00 in the Morning Date of Work: 1921 |
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Hausmann, Raoul
Title of Work: Mechanical Head ("The Spirit of the Times")
Date of Work: 1919 Nationality: German |
The mannequin or "dummy's head" represents a not very flattering portrait of the German bourgeoisie (middle class man). He has eyes with no pupils so he cannot see for himself. His lips are closed tight because he cannot or will not speak out. Over his ear Hausmann has placed a little case with a typeset cartridge inside because our little man only hears what he is told in the newspapers. He has a number tacked to his forehead for identification. Crowning his head is a traveler's collapsable cup, waiting for you to pour in any information you want. You see, our little man with the wooden head cannot think for himself. "The German wants only his order, his king, his Sunday sermon, and his easy chair" (Raoul Hausmann)
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Hausmann, Raoul
Title of Work: Tatlin at Home Date of Work: 1920 |
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Hausmann, Raoul
Title of Work: Dada Victorious (Dada Siegt) Date of Work: 1920 |
Berlin Dada; Photomontage used in this slice and dice way is the ultimate deconstructor, ripping apart the very foundation and security of the bourgeois social order.
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Hoch, Hannah
Title of Work: Cut with the Kitchen Knife (Dada through the last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany) Date of Work: c. 1919-20 |
Art of protest that cuts it apart and deconstructs it. Breaks it down into it’s anti-art attitude. Different from surrealist art in that it’s deconstructive as opposed to reconstructive.
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Schwitters, Kurt
Title of Work: Picture with Light Center Date of Work: 1919 |
Schwitters works to blur the boundaries between art and life in his anti-art collages and assemblages he calls "merz," from the second syllable of commerce in German
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Schwitters, Kurt
Title of Work: Merz Construction Date of Work: 1921 Nationality: German |
Mondrian's worst nightmare. This assemblage does away with purity and the reductive hard-edge in favor of the raw and the crude arranged haphazardly to suggest random chance rather than a careful balancing of opposing forces.
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Schwitters, Kurt
Title of Work: Okola Date of Work: 1926 |
Hannover Dada; "Okola" is a collage of junk materials made from the street and arranged to suggest random chance and the absurd. Schwitters deliberately uses materials that are not precious as part of his Dada anti-masterpiece aesthetic, though many of the other Dadaists found him too bourgeois and concerned with aesthetic issues. It is, however, the way he transforms art into life and life into art, thereby blurring the boundaries between art and life, that truly makes him dada
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Schwitters, Kurt
Title of Work: Hanover Merzbau (his home) Date of Work: 1925 |
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: The King and Queen Traversed by Swift Nudes Date of Work: 1912 |
references both cubism and futurism, foreshadows dada
; At this point, what we see are cubist forms that suggest the human figure crossed or traversed by the machine: these are either humans acting mechanically, or machines acting all too human. By mentioning "nudes" in the title, Duchamp was deliberately trying to provoke the Italian Futurists, who had forbid anyone to paint the nude for 10 years. By suggesting movement through the traversal of swift nudes, he was at the same time provoking the French Cubists, who wanted to keep their work distanced from the Futurists, especially in terms of the representation of movement.
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 Date of Work: 1912 |
signifies motion, passage and film; Nude descending down stairs is him leading towards giving up painting
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: The Passasge from Virgin to Bride Date of Work: 1912 |
Change from stick figure to swollen form
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Artist: Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: Chocolate Grinder, No.1 Date of Work: 1913 |
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Artist: Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: Fountain (urinal) by R. Mutt Date of Work: 1917 |
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: L.H.O.O.Q.(Mona Lisa with a Moustache) Date of Work: 1919 |
L.H.O.O.Q: she has a hot ass" or "she's hot down below
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Duchamp's readymades all questioned the idea of the unique, one-of-a-kind original; For Duchamp, the absurdity of the war validated Dada's use of destruction or desecration as creative acts in their own right. He should also be seen as the "father" of conceptual art.
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Gabo, Naum
Title of Work: Constructed Head of a Woman Date of Work: c. 1917 |
He is following cubism's lead in this shift from mimesis to a mapping of the structural dynamics and inner construction of form, but he translates the tension between 3-D illusionism and the 2-D flat picture plane that characterized cubist painting into a construction that works with real space and real materials, in accordance with the stated utilitarian goals of the Russian Constructivists
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Movement: Russian Constructivism
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Gabo, Naum
Title of Work: Linear Construction Date of Work: c. 1955 |
Russian Constructivism
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Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo
Title of Work: Light-Space Modulator Date of Work: 1922-30 |
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Sheeler, Charles
Title of Work: Classic Landscape
Date of Work: 1931 |
American Precisionism
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Gropius, Walter
Title of Work: The Bauhaus Workshop Wing in Dessau, East Germany Date of Work: 1925-26 |
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Kandinsky, Wassily
Title of Work: Composition VIII Date of Work: 1923 |
Movement: The German Bauhaus; his interest in an abstraction that is spiritually-driven,
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Why does the circle fascinate me?
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It is (1) the most modest form, but asserts itself unconditionally, (2) a precise but inexhaustible variable, (3) simultaneously stable and unstable, (4) simultaneously loud and soft, (5) a single tension that carries countless tensions within it. The circle is the synthesis of the greatest oppositions. . . . Of the three primary forms (triangle, square, circle), it points most clearly to the fourth dimension.
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Kandinsky
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adopts a geometric hard-edge and bounded areas of color, previously missing from his earlier, pre-WWI style of boundless space, intuitive lines, and bleeding colors
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Bauhaus slogan
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Art and Technology - A New Unity
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Bauhaus
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Their art was socially oriented rather than art for art's sake.
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WWI
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Known as the great war; 8 million men died
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WWI
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Trench warfare, shell shock - understanding horror of this war, silence was worse than the sound of shell, how to avoid trenchfoot, The Suicide of Nations, The Never Endians
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Dada - 1915-1920
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The anti-art; Tristan Tzar; definition is the death of Dada
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Elements of Dada
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Composing according to chance - That law is too fucked up and absurd; worked with irony - absurdity-no order to it all; blur boundaries between art and life; For continuous contradiction
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Kandinsky, Wassily
Title of Work: Several Circles
Date of Work: 1926
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Klee, Paul
Title of Work: Twittering Machine Date of Work: 1922 |
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childlike, but not childish; German Bauhaus
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take a walk with a line
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Paul Klee
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Art does not render the visible," he tells us, "rather, it makes visible.
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Paul Klee
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Klee, Paul
Title of Work: Tightrope Walker Date of Work: 1923 Nationality: German (German Bauhaus) |
Tightrope Walker" is a metaphor for modern existence and the difficulties of maintaining one's balance in a world without secure foundation in nature, God, or country
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Klee, Paul
Title of Work: Around the Fish Date of Work: 1926 |
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Klee, Paul
Title of Work: Death and Fire Date of Work: 1940 |
Strong statements about being human and our vulnerability. Painted during WWII
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) Date of Work: 1915-23 |
Classify as both Dada and surreal - It's sole function is to make love.
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Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)
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Ready made
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Pushes-where is the art experience located? It happens in the art viewers mind, not in the object. Likened to alchemy.
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Ready made 2
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Not made by artist who is the author?
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Ready made 3
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Not one of a kind or unique
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Ready made 4
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Separates skill, craft, and the making of the object from the art.
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Duchamp text about chess
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End Game - Analogy on how all moves have been used up. We are at an end game with the current state of the art world.
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Ready made
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Machine made object never intended to be art; not designed for aesthetics; goes against idea that art is a commodity object; idea is for servicing the mind, not objectifying art.
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Malevich
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Implies flight with the directions and movement of shapes. Father of minimalist art. Non-mimetic. Created what is considered one of the first all over monochromatic paintings.
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Dates to know
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-1915-1920
-1925-1930 -WW1 (1914-1918) |
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Piet Mondrian
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Early work: 1915-1920 (DeStijl)
Mature work: 1925-1930 (Neoplastic) Banished green from his life. |
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Schoon Aesthetic
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Mondrian - cleanliness, purity and beauty. Beauty is akin to something clean edge.
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Theosophy
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Rudolph Steiner: New science occult and clairvoyant vision w/o using drugs. Read people's astral glow. Studying extra sensory perception. (Kandinksy and Mondrian)
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5 Keypoints from the Surrealists:
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1. Beauty with be convulsive or it will not be at all/Female Hysteria
2. Freudian dream logic strategies (Displacement, Condensation, Fetish) 3. Anatomy of Desire 4. Surreal Marvelists (Both beautiful and nightmare and heroic; flipside of the machine aesthetic. 5. Poetry of the unconscious (Psychic automatism) |
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Duchamp, Marcel
Title of Work: Etants Donnes (Given: 1. The Waterfall. 2. The Illuminating Gas) Date of Work: 1944-1966 |
the last major work by the artist, completed in secrecy over a 20 year period during which it was assumed he had given up art. Duchamp wants to dematerialize the art object by shifting us away from its physical, visual appearance in order "to put art in the service of the mind. It is a kind of checkmate, where you capture the queen to win the game, or it is a stalemate situation in which the two works are diametrically opposed counterparts that cancel each other out.
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Picasso, Pablo
Title of Work: Large Nude in Red Armchair Date of Work: 1929 |
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Picasso, Pablo
Title of Work: Girl before a Mirror Date of Work: 1932 |
Reflection is dreamy with use of the psyche mirror. ANatomy of desire (Womb and Breast); Brought sex and embodiment back into his art; Body was painted w/o limits.
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Max Ernst
rom "Une Semaine de Bonte" (One Week of Kindness) Date of Work: 1933-1934 Nationality: German - Surrealism |
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The intent is to transform the banal and everyday into dramas of one's "most secret desires. On a personal level, the image might also be a reflection of his own apprehension and anxiety over Hitler's rise to power and the Nazi condemnation of his work.
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Dada vs Surreal Photomontage
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The surreal photomontage differs from the dada photomontage not only in content (dream imagery vs. political satire), but in its seamless editing (vs. the dada photomontage is "cut with a kitchen knife" so you see the edits and disruptions - see Hannah Hoch). The surreal photomontage is less a social or political critique than an investigation into the surreal "marvelous" and the poetry of the unconscious. In the photomontages he sets out to de-rail waking logic in order to uncover a latent surreality. His art is a journey into an uncharted psychic landscape. He uses strategies of psychic automatism and exploits irrational juxtapositions as a point of departure and basis for inducing hallucination and a dream state.
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Max Ernst
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Studied abnormal psychology
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Max Ernst Style
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1) he displaces images from their normal context and source, exploiting irrational juxtapositions. 2) he condenses two dissimilar things into one image, for ex., the bird head on a man's body. and 3) he uses the bird as a fetish symbol, recalling his own alter-ego, Loplop,
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Ernst, Max
Title of Work: from Une Semaine de Bonte (One Week of Kindness) Date of Work: 1933-1934 |
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Ernst, Max
Title of Work: from Une Semaine de Bonte (One Week of Kindness) Date of Work: 1933-1934 |
Weird extremes - Disruption of scale. Showcases the manifest and the latent - secret to inner most desires.
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Ernst, Max
Title of Work: Two Children Threatened by a Nightingale Date of Work: 1924 |
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Menaced Assassin Date of Work: 1926 |
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Rene Magritte
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Magritte hints at a latent vs. manifest content. He is the secret agent man, the sabateur who sabotages our sense of security about the reality of appearances.
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Magritte
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Trompe-l'oeil (trick of the eye) and trompe-l'esprit (trick of the mind) become his strategies for upsetting the assured mindset that we bring to viewing reality.
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Magritte
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he creates picture puzzles that cannot be solved or destroyed by reason alone
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Treachery of Images (Ceci n'est pas une pipe) Date of Work: 1928 |
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Key of Dreams Date of Work: 1930 |
Signifiers take on meaning only by convention, not by any natural law or firm connection to the external world or the thing itself. There is no absolute foundation underlying language or sign systems.
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The False Mirror Date of Work: 1928 |
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Human Condition Date of Work: 1933 |
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Human Condition Date of Work: 1933 |
He messes with the system of things: his art points to an underlying disturbance rather than an underlying order (Mondrian). "Pictorial experience which puts the real world on trial . . ."
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Rape Date of Work: 1934 |
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: The Rape Date of Work: 1934 |
use of the strategies of Freudian dream logic--displacement, condensation, and fetish--to create a disturbing image of the surrealists' favorite
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Here Magritte substitutes the woman's erotic zones for her facial features in a classic example of the surrealist aesthetic of "convulsive beauty."
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: Philosophy in the Boudoir Date of Work: 1947 |
woman, who Andre Breton called the "most marvelous and disturbing problem in all the world." The implication here is that she is marvelous precisely because she is so disturbing, so the "woman problem" was certainly not one the surrealists wanted to solve.
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Magritte, Rene
Title of Work: Personal Values Date of Work: 1952 |
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Dali, Salvador
Title of Work: Accomodations of Desire
Date of Work: 1929
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Dali, Salvador
Title of Work: Accomodations of Desire
Date of Work: 1929
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