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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lithurgy
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official ritual of public worship
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liber pontificalis
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book of popes
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baldacchino
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domical canopy over an altar
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The Tetrarchs
roman art From constinople Saint marks, Venice Diocletian established the tetrachy Always depicted together Made of porphyry (purple marble) This showed a change back to the stoic simple forms of the past Divided empire east/west Venice, Italy Ready to fight |
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Palace of Diocletian, Split
Croatia Highly fortified roman art Retirement just like roman military camps After Diocletion died, the tetrarchy dissolved into civil war -maxentius>governed Italy -constantine > governed Germany |
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Edict of Milan- ended the persecution of christians
The transfer of power from rome to constinople and the recognition of christ marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the middle ages Basilica of Maxentius, Rome |
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Rome, Italy
Concrete groin vaults Nave aisle on side of nave “Basilica Nova” new basilica Finished by Constantine Concrete Place for maxcentius to hold court |
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Constantine
From Basilica Nova, Rome, Italy Marble Held orb Modeled after Jupiter Enormous Made Christianity legal in 313 CE Battle at Milvian Bridge- Constantine defeats Maxentius in 312 CE Constantine had a dream that he had a shining cross with words under this sign you will win Moved capital from Rome to constantnople Bare chest like a roman god |
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Arch of Constantine
Rome,Italy Sculptures recut the heads of earlier emperors with Constantine features Commemorates defeat of maxentius Liberator Urbis (liberater of the city) Fundator Quietus (bringer of peace) New dawn Snapshot Donatio- gift to city |
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE
Departure from Milan |
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE
Siege of Verona |
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE
Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE
Entry into Rome |
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE
Donatio |
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Narthex-room at the entrance
Basilica Trier |
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95’ high highley decorated
Germany Apse-> constantine can sit and receive visitors Basilica |
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95’ high highley decorated
Germany Apse-> constantine can sit and receive visitors Narthex-room at the entrance Basilica Trier Basilica |
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Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Vatican
late antiquity The elites were the ones that wanted to hold on to paganism because it suited them But then elites too took on the religion Early Christian art Rome,italy Christians did not want to be cremated because of the second coming This sarcophagus has Christian depictions Two images of Christ Entrance into Jerusalem above that him enthroned (placing Christ as the emperor) peter on right paul on his left has a scroll that is the living of the laws a metaphor for the church…l They used the idea of pagan gods to deify Christ Sacrifice of issac Trials of believers Daniel and the lions Themes that symbol Christ over coming death |
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Good Shepherd
Vatican Early portraits of Jesus is as a shepherd Young man, normal clothes for lower status The lost sheep that he is rescuing Less than a foot tall |
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Christ Enthroned
Rome late antiquity Young Jesus seated Seen as a philosopher Teacher Thick messy hair Jesus is often shown with a face similar to the god Apollo Jesus is described as the light of the world- Apollo was the god of light Three feet high |
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Catacomb galleries
Groups of people would buy a plot of land outside the city Like artificial caves Catacomb-ad catacumbas ( in the hollows) Tufa rock- easy to carve Loculi- shelf like places for the dead Catacombs were associated with saints- people would try to get buried to them, salvation through association Ichthus-stands for jesus Christ son of God savior (the fish)…..cool |
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Good Shepherd, Catacomb of
Sts. Peter and Marceline's Story of Jonah and orants, Rome ,Italy late antiquity Loculi-openings to receive bodies of the dead one over the other like shelves no crucifixion scene not concentrating on his death but as his role as a savior Lunettes-semi-circular are where old testament pictures are Prefiguration- a pre Jesus figure Jonas and the whale In-between Lunettes are orants in early Christian prayer |
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Old testament themes
dura-europs, sryia late antiquity Houses the sacred Torah panels that tell stories Second commandment says do not make graven images but this contradicts this because they live in a roman society they felt comfortable depicting bible scenes |
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Aaron high priest
late antiquity Another temple complete with the things the Romans too away Synagogue, Dura-Europos, Syria |
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Helena and constantina became Christians, Helena went to Jerusalem find the crucifixion cross
She said she found some and brought them back First known excavation Old St. Peters was the best church Constantine built Modeled after the basilica The huge open space called the Nave Marked be an Apse directs attention Intervening space between the end of the nave and the side aisles Begins to look like a cross The transept- the crossing (perpendicular) Narthex- transition into main space Located on the other side of tigre river because that’s the location that was thought to be the burial of saint peter There is a shrine underneath-Christians had believed that saint Peter was buried way before the church was even built\ Rock in latin means peter (Petra) Clerestory windows |
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Churches were often built near or around catacombs
Catacomb complex of St. Agnes The circular area was built for constantina- wanted to be buried close to St. Agnes |
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Left plain on the outside decorated on the inside
rome, Italy late antiquity Mausoleum of Constantina (Sta. Costanza), |
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Tension between pagan and Christian pictures
Barrel vault going around Mausoleum of Constantina (Sta. Costanza) rome, italy late antiquity |
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Mausoleum of Constantina (Sta. Costanza)
Rome, Italy Wine usually associated with Bacchus might have to do with eucharists Putti harvesting grapes Has to do with mass |
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Mausoleum of Constantina
(Sta. Costanza) Was the sarcophagus for Constantine Made of porphyry |
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Sarcophagus of Constantina
Wine associated with the blood of Christ vatican |
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Sta. Maria Maggiore,
Columns were used from pre-existing pieces this is called- spolia Clerestory windows |
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Sta. Maria Maggiore
Mosaics preserved from the fifth century |
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A panel the story of abraham and sarah
Doing to things at once in one scene Reduced to large eyes and bright colors especially gold Feast for the 3 Visitors to Abraham Sta. Maria Maggiore |
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Crossing the
Red Sea Sta. Maria Maggiore Cluster of heads to signify a multitude |
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Central plan building
Cross shaped (latin style) Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna |
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Latin cross first time that we see a cross depicted
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia Ravenna |
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Famous
Christ as the good shepard He has regal clothes on Staff transformed into a cross late antiquity Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna |
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San Vitale, Ravenna
Has some of the most important mosaics Byzantium |
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Octagonal
Apse, altar in the front Narthex at angle to octagon byzantine San Vitale, Ravenna |
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Shield has a symbol in it which is the Chi-rho- Iota The first few letters of constantine
Paten-dish for carrying byzantine The only figure name is the bishop The unity of the church and the state San Vitale, Ravenna |
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San Vitale, Ravenna
Wife theodora byzantine Apse in the background Carrying challis that would have held the wine |
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Christ looking straight at us
Fish acronyn Byzantium San Vitale, Ravenna |
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Haghia Sophia, Istanbul
Byzantine Dome Butresses and tall things were later added |
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Unique in that the dome is in the center of the church
Its almost a central plan church Haghia Sophia, Istanbul |
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Haghia Sophia
Anthemios of Tralles byzantine art and Isidoros of Miletos Istanbul Cut stone And brick the dome is made of brick The pantheon is resting on a square Pendentives-suports a circular dome over a square hanging triangles Squinches- arch system Windows up at the top to let light in |
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Diptych of the
Nicomachi and Symmachi Early christian There were still pagans Ivory Very classical style Lack of emotion Idealized |
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Byzantine
Ivory Justinian as Conqueror Commemorates victories Arfica, asia Woman beneath the foot is a women representing the world Foreigners from across the land carrying him gifts |
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Achangel micheal
Wings overlap columns Showing that there is duality partly in our world partly not Forgiveness will be made for gifts- at the top |
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Jacob wrestling
the Angel Vienna Genesis Book Dyed purple Jacob and his story Showing the same figure over again |
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Christ
Monastery of St. Catherine Mt. Sinai, Egypt They thought Christ was in the painting – Icons Contradicting the ten commandments Pantokrator – “ruler of all” the way Jesus is depicted encaustic |
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Virgin and Child
enthroned with Saints byzantine Monastery of St. Catherine Mt. Sinai, Egypt Virgin and child Theotokos-bearer of God Flanked by two saints rigid Behind angels looking to the heavens more casual |
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Crucifixion and
Iconoclasts Khludov Psalter 729 Icons were banned and many were destroyed Iconoclasm-breaking the images Lasted until iconofiles won out in 843 Thrusting spear in image of christ |
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Show the persistence of classical
Just like roman paintings King David dressed like a roman or Greek creating psalms Melody the personification Echo is hiding The hills surrounding Bethlehem David Composing the Psalms Paris Psalter |
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Ivory
byzantine art Harbaville Triptych Folds so that It would close up Depictinf saits surrounding christ Enthroned with john the Baptist and mary |
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Commemorates the sucession of the thrown
Christ crowning Romanos and Eudokia |
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Church of the Dormition, Daphni
Byzantine art Forms a greek cross- cross with the arms are equal length Apse is where the ceremon would take place |
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Church of the
Dormition Daphni Decoration Arches |
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Daphni
Looking up into the dome Church of the Dormition Daphni Christ depicted as the Pantokrator- the ruler of all Windows going all the way around No hanging triangles |
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Crucifixion
Church of the Dormition Daphni Simple forms no background Doesn’t exist in real space but is timeless Not much ineteraction Formal rigid Byzantine art |
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St. Mark’s Square, Venice
Byzantine church |
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Influence of byzantine art in Sicily
byzantine art Cathedral St. Mark’s Venice decorated throughout Monreale Normans were the descendants of the Vikings and conquered Sicily Gold décor Greek script Christ as the prokropter Below mary as the theotokos Higher Archie pyramid of importance The arch is pointed( this is not seen in Byzantine architecture) |
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Anastasis, Kariye Camii (Church of the Savior), Istanbul
Apse of the church Very late turkey byzantine art Jesus and his redemption of man The anastasis- harrowing of souls The time he went into hell to release the souls Raising adam and eve from their tombs Mandorla-almond shape of holiness Not a lot of attention to landscape An increasing interest in how to show death The label says anastasis jesus Christ Good use of color and drapery |
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Mecca and medina is where art usually came from
Then it was captured |
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Muhamad was born in?
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mecca, ran away went back and conquerd
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important islamic dates
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Important dates in Islamic history
Ca. 570 birth of Muhammad 610 Revelations begin 622 Hijira (flight from Mecca) 632 Death of Muhammad 642 Conquest of Syria, Palestine, Iraq 710 Conquest of North Africa 711-732 Expansion into Spain and France 750 End of Ummayad rule (except Spain) 969 Rise of Fatimids (Shia) in Egypt 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople 1492 Muslim expulsion from Spain |
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Kufic script, Qu’ran, Tunisia
Strictly monotheist realigion Make proclaimation that there is no god but god- -considered christianity and judaism precursers Have to pray 5 times daily Fast during month of ramadon Pilgrmage to Mecca Give alms to the poor islam- sumission All scripts are in arabic Muslims are expected to learn arabic Rarely see people in islamic art So text becomes paramount Interested in intracate geometric patterns A page from the koran Script has been reduced to geometric figures Done in gold ink |
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Fridays at noon is when they congregate
They came together at the house of Muhammad Characterized by a court yard and covered porch in the back wall there is a nich this shows you which direction your supposed to face |
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Dome of the Rock, Temple Mount, Jerusalem
islamic art This building covers a sacred location over the Jewish temple Inside is the location where Abraham was supposed to sacrifice Isaac and where Muhammad was taken up into heaven Octagonal plan Covers the first temple of solomon Golden pointed dome |
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Dome of the Rock
Temple Mount Jerusalem |
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Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia
Early masks copy the house of muhhamad Monumental entrance |
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Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain
Mask One of the largest |
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Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain
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Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain
Hypostyle hall- lots of columns Over 500 columns Spolia-looted bits of architecture Double arched Voussoirs- individual blocks Horse shoe arch shape actually predates islamic art |
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Mihrab
Great Mosque of Cordoba Text from koran above Arches are repeated horse shoe arches |
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Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain
Dome is sitting on squinches |
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Great Mosque of
Cordoba Text used for decor |
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Tomb of the Samanids
Bukhara, Uzbekistan Brick work Dome Pointed arch |
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Mina’i dish, Iran
Some people didn’t feel it was so wrong to make figures Bowl Tells a story He misses a shot she makes fun he pushes her off |
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Cast bronze alloy
bucket Herat Text and figures are combined!! |
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Sultan Han
(Caravansaray) any body could come and stay Kayseri-Sivas Road Place for traders Small mask in the back |
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Tomb of Oljeytu, Sultaniya, Iran
Competition in larger tombs Mongel king Decorated with colored tile |
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Tomb of Oljeytu
Sultaniya, Iran |
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Poor Man Refused
Admittance to the Mosque Behzad from Herat |
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Sultan Hasan complex, Cairo
Tomb right where the mask is…jerk |
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Sultan Hasan complex
Cairo |
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Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada
Court yard Court of the lions Spainish islamic art Fountain makes a cross pattern The pools represent the four rivers of paradise Architecture is skiny and tall |
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Selim II Mosque, Edirne, Turkey
Competing with the accomplishments of christianity Looks like the church of holy wisdom Was designed to be a rival for that church |
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Selim II mosque
Sinan (architect) Edirne, Turkey Driven by the fllow of light Larger than the dome of io sophia Text up in the dome Projects ouside so that it can be lit from all sides |
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Poor Man Refused
Admittance to the Mosque Behzad from Herat From iran Illustrations in books Men washing their feet in preperation Dome is over the Men discussing theological subjects Reduced figures and architecture Composite Perspective |
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Allegory of
Earthly and Heavenly Drunkenness Sultan-Muhammad Tabriz-thought himself very important Scene of alcohol intoxication and wisdom of god Strang clothing Large jars Above is the poet himself inspired |
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Shah Abbas I Mosque, Isfahan, Iran
Large scale urban planning Included large plaza Towards mecca In space had to be a transition Brightly colored tiltes |
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Taj Mahal
Agra, India tomb for dead wife Marble Reflecting pool were others leading out to the side and back Four rivers of paradise |
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Belt buckle, Sutton Hoo,
Europe early midievel Ireland and Scandinavia was not Christianized Pagan northern europe Found at a burial An entire ship was loaded down and buried-typical for elites Intertwining lines |
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Hinged clasps, Sutton Hoo
Held leather or cloth High skill in metal working Figural decoration-pigs Gold wire forming partitions with stones inserted is called- Cloisonne early medieval art |
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Purse cover, Sutton Hoo
Garnet/ lapis lazuli Various animal and human emblems depicted Two pairs of an eagle hunting a duck of some sort |
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Animal head, Oseberg
Norway medieval art Wooden head that would have been mounted on the ship Intertwining lines with animal heads- called the animal style |
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Symbol of
St. Matthew medieval art Book of Durrow Christianity influence they brought about text Monasteries are built with the purpose of copying texts Illuminated manuscripts Scriptorium- where the monks would copy Collection of the gospels This is a title page fusing the local pagan decorative style with christian themes The border looks just like some of the jewelry Person head and two feet and a cloak with checker board style Each of the gospels had a symbol This is the symbol of saint matthew |
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Cross page
medieval art Lindisfarne Gospels Showing the cross full of lines Each of the details have snake heads and its all symmetric |
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St. Matthew
medieval art Lindisfarne Gospels Depicted writing out his gospel Agios matt heus Saint matthew Not naturalistic not entirely classical |
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Chi-Rho-Iota page
medieval art Book of Kells Intergration of text The story of christ and how it came to be Peoples heads and animals |
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Charles the Bald (?)
Consolidation of power Charles the great Chalemangne medieval art Crowned holy roman emperor by the pope in Rome We refer to this era as the carol ingian period St.john latern- this sculpture was put out front of this church Simplified form of the emperor Carrying an object symbolizing his rule over the world Wearing a crown 10 inches high Private sculpture |
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Christ enthroned
early medieval art Godescalc Gospels Simple Hints of the animal style In purple Abstract trees in the background |
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St. Matthew
Gospel Book of Charlemagne early medieval art Northern Europe Going back to the old style |
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St. Matthew
early medieval art Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims Same time as the previous Here he is depicted as wild energy |
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Front cover
early medieval europe art Lindau Gospels Became luxury items Stones held in by gold Crucifixion scene without signs of pain Surrounded by angels and the sun and the moon Entire panel was made by hammering- called repousse |
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Palace Chapel, Aachen
Importation of old southern ideas Octaginal church early medieval europe art |
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Palace Chapel
early medieval europe art Odo of Metz-architect Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle |
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Rise of monastarys
Plan of a monastery Recreating the word Christians wanting to get away Saint benedict founded a new monastery drew up a plan for a monastary All is based in a modual of 2 ½ feet Church at the center |
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St. Cyriakus
Gernrode Ottonian 919-1024 The gallery Viles of the solidified blood of the saints Descendants of Charlemagne |
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Abbey Church of St. Michael, in Hildesheim,
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Abbey Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim
It’s a square early medieval europe art |
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Abbey church of
St. Michael early medieval europe art Hildesheim spaces are getting taller |
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Doors of
Bishop Bernward early medieval europe art Abbey church of St. Michael Hildesheim Made by a bishop Right hand starts at bottom to top frow new testament mary redeems the sin of eve Bronze Relationship between eve and the serpent and mary who gave birth to jesus Atonian period |
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Doors of
Bishop Bernward Abbey church of St. Michael Hildesheim |
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Column of
Bishop Bernward early medieval europe art Abbey church of St. Michael Hildesheim 8’ Modeled after trajens column The scenes that were not in the bronze door Trophy |
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Christ blessing
Otto II and Theophano early medieval europe art Royal wedding Ivory Political alliance Christ is legitimizing their rule |
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Christ washing
Peter’s Feet Gospel book of Otto III Gold gives it a heaven like atmosphere Reduced figures |
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St. Luke
early medieval europe art Gospel book of Otto III Saint luke with ox Fantasy like Rays of light producing background Sheep drinking Ox brings forth water for the lambs |
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Gero Crucifix
early medieval europe art Cologne Life size Painted wood Suffering is shown Space in the back of the head that the hosts was held (the bread) Painted blood |
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Virgin of Essen
Covered in gold early medieval europe art Placed in Essen Germany by matilda a member of the royal family Probably held relics- a relicquary |
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St. Vincenç
Cardona, Spain |
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Santiago de
Compostela Spain Churches get larger Mini apse-apsidioles Worship of individual saints |
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Santiago de
Compostela Spain Ribs from stuctual elements Repition of form Similar to roman way of architecture |
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Reliquary casket with the Evangelists
Reliquary Containers for holy objects Enamel Symbols of the evangelists Champleve-bright colored enamel |
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Saint-Sernin
Toulouse romanesque europe art |
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Christ in Majesty
Saint-Sernin romanesque europe art Bernardus Gelduinus Toulouse 1096 Romanesque period 2 feet Mandora shape Peace be with you –pax vobis |
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Cluny Monastery
Burgundy, France Greatest monastery, largest 500 feet long the grey parts don’t exist anymore Largest for five hundred years |
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Cluny III
Lots of minature apsesromanesque europe art |
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Christ and Apostles, Berze-la-Ville
Décor Private chapel for cluney romanesque europe art |
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Cloister, Saint-Pierre, Moissac
Romanesque Images of saints and monks romanesque europe art So much money and attention was givin that people like bernard clairvaux founded cistercians |
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Criss crossing lions
romanesque europe art Trumeau and jambs South portal Saint-Pierre Side is an elongated figure of a prophet Moissac |
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East flank
romanesque europe art South portal Saint-Pierre Moissac enunciation scene Visitation scene |
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Saint-Lazare, Autun, ca
Romanesque |
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West portal
Giselbertus-artist Saint-Lazare Autun romanesque europe art |
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Eve, Giselbertus, Saint-Lazare, Autun
Lintal block It makes her snake like |
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Fontenay Abbey
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Ouster
Abbey Church romanesque europe art Fontenay |
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Halley’s Comet Appears, Bayeux Tapestry
Done by women romanesque europe art William the second defeated the usurper of the thrown harold Halleys comet bad omen They watch the star Tagens column |
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the roman empire reached its greatest extent under _______
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Trajan
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emulating greek statesmen and philosphers, was the first empereor to wear a beard. Built a pantheon, a truimph of concrete technology
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HAdrain
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under the _______, the dominance of classical art began to erode
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Antonines
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in the art of the _______ the late antique style took root
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Severans
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during the chaotic era of the _______ artist revealed the anxienty and insecurity of the emperors in moving portraits
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soldier emperors
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the emperor ________ proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the roman empire and banned pagan worship
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Theodosius I
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_______ moved the capital of his western roman empire to ______ in 404 rome fell to the visigothic king _______
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honorius
ravenna alaric |
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the reign of _________ opened the first golden age of Byzantine art.
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Justinian
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_____ enacted a ban against picturing the divine, initiating the era of iconoclasm
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Leo III
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_____ dedicated a new mosaic depiciting the theotokos in hagia sophia, truimph of the iconophiles over the iconoclasts
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Basil I
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the _______ were the first Islamic dynasty and ruled from their capital at damascus in Syria until they were overthrown by the _______ who established their capital at Bagdad in Iraq
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Umayyads
abbasids |
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__________ established the Umayyad dynasty in spain after he escaped the abbasid massacre of his clan
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Abd-al-rahman
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the last spanish muslim dynasty was the
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Nasrid
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the _________ is the best surviving example of islamic palace architecture
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Alhambra
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the ________ established their caliphate in egypt in 909 and ruled from their capital in Cairo
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Fatimids
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the most ambitious Mamluk builder was
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sultan hasan
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the _____ and _______ dynasties ruled Iran and central Asia for almost four centuries and were great patrons of art and architect
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timurid
Safavid |
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persian painting also flourished in _____ Iran under ________ who in addition set up royal carpet factories in several cities
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safivid
shah tahmasp |
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the art of tilework reached its peak under the patronage of the
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safivid dynasty
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_________ founded the Ottoman dynasty in turkey
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osman I
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the greatest ottoman architect was
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sinan
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the Christian art of the early medieval British Isles is called ___________
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Hiberno-Saxon ( or insular)
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