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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 components of blood and % of each |
plasma ~55% formed elements ~45%
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composition of plasma |
90% water 8% proteins 2% other solutes |
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3 proteins in plasma and their % |
albumin 60% globulins 36% fibrinogen 4%
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fx of the three proteins in plasma |
albumin- osmotic balance and pH buffering globulin - antibodies fibrinogen - blood clotting
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what's in the other solutes 2%? |
Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, bicarbonate |
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characteristics of erythrocytes |
1. biconcave 2. no nucleus or organelles 3. live 120ish days 4. approx 250k hemoglobin molecules per RBC |
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three functions of blood |
1. transport and distribute 2. regulation 3. protection |
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functions within transport and distribute fx of blood |
1. oxygen from lungs and nutrients fm digestive tract 2. metabolic waste (co2) from cells to lungs and kidneys for elimination 3. hormones from endocrine glands to target organs |
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fx included within regulation fx of blood |
1. appropriate body temp by absorbing and distributing heat 2. normal pH in body tissues via buffer systems 3. adequate fluid volume in circulatory system |
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fx included within protection fx of blood |
1. prevent blood loss 2. prevent infection |
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how does blood prevent blood loss |
1. activating plasma proteins and platelets 2. initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken |
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how does blood protect against infection |
1. synthesizing and utilizing antibodies 2. activating complement proteins 3. activating WBCs to defend against foreign invaders
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another name for WBCs |
leukocytes |
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fx of WBCs |
protect body from damage by bacteria, parasites, toxins, viruses, tumors, cancers or anything else that body defines as not self ; all WBC components are phagocytic to some degree |
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fx of neutrophils |
bacteria slayers |
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fx of eosinophils |
kills parastic worms and #s increase during allergic reactions |
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fx of basophils |
release histamines (which enhances migration of keujocytes to inflammatory sites and promotes vasodilation, contain heparin - an anticoagulant |
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fx of monocytes |
actively phagocytic turns into macrophage |
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fx of platelets |
blood clotting |
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normal characteristics of blood |
1. approx 8% of body weight 2. sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste 3. denser and thicker than water 4. pH of 7.35-7.45 5. temp of 38C - slightly higher than body temp 6. color varies - scarlet O2 rich, dark O2 poor |
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CBC |
panel of tests, broad screening that examines different parts of the blood |
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white blood cell count |
determines total number of that cell type per unit volume |
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WBC too high |
leukocytosis - poss bacterial/viral infection, drug/chemical poisoning, metabolic disease, hemorrhage |
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WBC too high with lots of abnormal WBCs |
poss leukemia |
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WBC too low |
leukopenia - poss TB, measles, typhoid fever, hepatitis, cirrhosis, radiation exposure, excessive antibiotic therapy |
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RBC count |
determines ttl number of that cell type per unit volume |
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RBC too high |
polycythemia or poss bone marroe cancer, or high altitude living |
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RBC too low |
anemia due to: low RBC production early RBC death traumatic blood loss or hemorrhage |
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WBC differential |
100 WBC counted and classified |
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neutrophils elevated depressed |
el: bacterial infection, RA, burns, malnutrition dep: protozoan or viral infection, anemia, malnutrition |
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lymphocytes elevated decreased |
el: mumps, measles, whooping cough dec: AIDS, radiation |
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monocytes el dec |
el: chronic disease ie TB or leukemia, chronic inflammation or viral infection dec: anemia or corticosteroid treatment |
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eosinophils el dec |
el: allergies, parasitic infection dec: occurs with steroid therapy |
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basophils el dec |
el: occur in inflammatory process dec: occur in hypersensitive reaction |
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hematocrit |
measures percent of RBCs to total blood volume; routine when anemia is suspected |
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normal hematocrit levels by gender |
male: 47% +- 7% female: 42% +- 5% |
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hemoglobin |
ttl hemoglobin count is measured most accurate way of measuring O2 capacity of blood |
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normal hemoglobin range |
12-18b/100ml; slightly higher in males |
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coagulation time |
aka blood clotting blood removed and clot time measured normal 2-6ish mins designed to minimize blood loss |
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bleed time |
how long a person bleeds after a prick to the finger up to 7 min |
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sedimentation rate |
measures speed at which cells settle out of a solution non-specific test, other tests performed in conjunction |
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sedimentation rate too fast |
poss anemia, infection, or inflammation |
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sedimentation rate too slow |
polycythemia |
