Ap World History Chapter 5

Front 1

What is the end of the classical era defined by?

Back 1

changes in Asia, northern Africa, and the Mediterranean

Front 2

3 questions why classical civilizations declined?

Back 2

1) Why did these civilizations decline?

2) Why did different regions see different patterns of decline with different results?

3) What was the significance of these developments?

Front 3

Basic themes of classical civilizations

Back 3

expansion and integration

Front 4

order of fall

Back 4

1) China

2) Mediterranean

3) India

Front 5

What did all classical civilizations involve?

Back 5

territorial expansion and related efforts to integrate the new territories

Front 6

Main thinkers:

Back 6

Confucious/Laozi, Buddha, Socrates

Front 7

How did nomadic societies play a vital role?

Back 7

(particularly in central Asia) they linked and occasionally disrupted classical civilizations

Front 8

Axum

Back 8

kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands, replaced Meroe in first century CE, received strong influence from Arabian peninsula, eventually converted to Chrisitanity

Front 9

Ethiopia

Back 9

a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of king Lalaibela, retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa

Front 10

Silk Road

Back 10

The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations, transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations

Front 11

Sahara

Back 11

desert running across northern Africa, separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa

Front 12

Shintoism

Back 12

religion of early Japanese culture, worshipped many gods and spirits associated with the natural world, offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits

Front 13

Olmec Culture

Back 13

cultual tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c 1200 BCE, featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems

Front 14

Teotihuacan

Back 14

site of classical culture in central Mexico, urban center with important religious functions, supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions

Front 15

Maya

Back 15

classical culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central American contemporary with Teotihuacan, extended over broad region, featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and math systems, highly developed religion

Front 16

Inca

Back 16

group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures, term also used for leader of empire

Front 17

Polynesian

Back 17

islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island --isolated

Front 18

What did a combination of internal weakness and invasion lead to?

Back 18

important changes in China, then in India

Front 19

When did classical civilizations collapse?

Back 19

between 200-600 CE

Front 20

Yellow Turbans

Back 20

Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic

Front 21

Sui

Back 21

dynasty that succeeded the Han in China, emerged from strong rulers in North China

Front 22

Tang

Back 22

dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE, more stable than previous dynasty

Front 23

Rajput

Back 23

regional princes in India, controlled small states and emphasized military power

Front 24

Devi

Back 24

mother goddess of Hinduism

Front 25

Islam

Back 25

major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula, meaning literally "submission", based on Muhammad's prophecy

Front 26

Allah

Back 26

supreme God in monotheistic Islam

Front 27

decline in Rome was ___

Back 27

complex involving a mix of internal and external factors

Front 28

What developed differently after the fall of Rome?

Back 28

the eastern and western portions of the empire

Front 29

What is the key to the process of decline?

Back 29

a set of general, triggered by a cycle of plagues that could not be prevented, resulting in a rather mechanistic spiral that steadily worsened

Front 30

Byzantine Empire

Back 30

eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire, retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek, capital = Constantinople

Front 31

Justinian

Back 31

leader (of Byzantine Empire) under him, eastern emperors tried to recapture the whole heritage of Rome

Front 32

Augustine

Back 32

influential church father and the ologican, champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination

Front 33

Coptic

Back 33

church that split from north African Christianity

Front 34

What did the period of classical decline see?

Back 34

rapid expansion of Buddhism and Christianity

Front 35

Religious change had:

Back 35

wider cultural, social, and political implications

Front 36

Bodhisattvas

Back 36

Buddhist holy men, built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes, prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness

Front 37

Mahayana

Back 37

Chinese version of Buddhism, placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior

Front 38

Jesus of Nazareth

Back 38

prophet and teacher among the Jews, believed by Christians to be the Messiah

Front 39

Paul

Back 39

one of the first Christian missionaries, moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law, greek language in the church

Front 40

Pope

Back 40

bishop of Rome, head of the Christian Church

Front 41

Benedict

Back 41

founder of monasticism in what had been the Western half of the Roman Empire, established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century