Ap World History Chapter 3 Practice Test

Front 1

What Chinese belief stresses a balance in nature?

Back 1

Daoism

Hint 1

"Every feature is balanced by an opposite, every yin by a yang. Thus, for hot there is cold, for male, female. According to this philosophy, an individual should seek a way, called Dao, to relate to this harmony, avoiding excess and appreciating the balance of opposites."

Front 2

What was valued among the Zhou political leaders?

Back 2

Military Skills and physical prowess

Hint 2

"Military Skills and physical prowess were valued over the literary and ceremonial aptitudes of the scholar-administrators, or shi."

Front 3

What was a bit paradoxial about the Zhou dynasty, in terms of politics?

Back 3

Despite the reliance on regional supporters, they heightened the cultural focus of the central government.

Hint 3

"The territorial expansion obviously complicated the problems of central rule, for communication and transport from the capital to the outlying regions were difficult. This is why the Zhou relied so heavily on the loyalty of regional supporters. Despite these circumstances, the Zhou actually heightened the cultural focus on the central government itself."

Front 4

Who made the Qin Dynasty?

Back 4

Qin Shi Huangdi

Hint 4

"One regional ruler deposed the last Zhou emperor and within 35 years made himself sole ruler of China. He took the title Qin Shi Huangdi, or First Emperor."

Front 5

What did the Qin Dynasty create?

Back 5

The Great Wall.

Hint 5

"In the north, to guard against barbarian invasions, Qin Shi Huangdi built a Great Wall, extending more than 3000 miles, wide enough for chariots to move along its crest."

Front 6

What did Wudi enforce? What came from it?

Back 6

Peace. Prosperity to China.

Hint 6

"The most famous Han ruler, Wudi (140-87 B.C.E.), enforced peace throughout much of the continent of Asia...peace brought great prosperity to China itself."

Front 7

What nomadic people overturned the Han dynasty?

Back 7

Xiongnu

Hint 7

"Central control weakened, and invasions from central Asia, spearheaded by a nomadic people called the Xiongnu, who had long threatened China's northern borders, overturned the dynasty entirely."

Front 8

What did the Qin and Han Dynasty's enhance in China's government?

Back 8

Central authority and the powers of the bureaucracy.

Hint 8

"The Qin and Han dynasties of classical China established a distinctive, and remarkably successful, kind of government. The Qin stressed central authority, whereas the Han expanded the powers of the bureaucracy."

Front 9

What did Wudi establish for his bureaucrats?

Back 9

The first civil service exams.

Hint 9

"The emperor Wudi established examinations for his bureaucrats - the first example of the civil sercinve tests of teh sort that many governments have instituted in modern times."

Front 10

What did the government sponsor in the Han dynasty?

Back 10

Confucius and his philosophies.

Hint 10

"The government also sponsored much intellectual life, organizing research in astronomy and the maintenance of historical records. Under the Han rulers, the government played a mahor role in promoting Confucian philosophy as an official statement of Chinese values and in encouraging the worship of Confucius himself. The government developed a durable sense of mission as the primary keeper of Chinese beliefs."

Front 11

What did Chinese leaders stress?

Back 11

The harmony of Earthly life and heaven.

Hint 11

"Rulers in the Zhou dynasty maintained belief in a god or gods, but little attention was given to the nature of a deity. Rather, Chinese leaders stressed the importance of a harmonious earthly life that maintained proper balance between earth and heaven."

Front 12

What was Confucianism primarily?

Back 12

A system of ethics

Hint 12

"Confucianism was primarily a system of ethics - do unto others as your status and theirs dictate - and a plea for loyalty to the community."

Front 13

What was required of nature in Legalism?

Back 13

Restraint and discipline.

Hint 13

"They disdained Confucian virtues in favor of an authoritarian state that ruled by force. Human nature for the Legalists was evil and required restraint and discipline."

Front 14

Who furthered Daoism? What did he stress?

Back 14

Laozi.

Nature has principles needed for a worthy life.

Hint 14

"Daosim produced a durable division in China's religious and philosophical culture. This new religion, vital for Chinese civilization, although never widely exported, was furtherd by Laozi, who probably lived during the 5th century B.C.E. Laozi stressed that nature contains inherent principles that, if not recognized, lead to strife and unhappiness."

Front 15

What work were the civil service exams based off of?

Back 15

The Five Classics

Hint 15

"In literature, a set of Five Classics, written during the early part of the Zhou dynasty and then edited during the time of Confucius, provided an important tradition. They were used, among other things, as a basis for civil service examinations."

Front 16

Was did classical Chinese art stress?

Back 16

Careful detail and craftsmanship.

Hint 16

"Chinese art during the classical period was largely decorative, stressing careful detail and craftsmanship. Artistic styles often reflected the precision and geometric qualities of the many symbols of Chinese writing."

Front 17

What was the main social division in China (Zhou)?

Back 17

The landowning gentry and the peasants.

Hint 17

"Prior to the Zhou dynasty, slaveholding may have been common in China, but by the the time of the Zhou, the main social division existed between the landowning gentry - about 2 percent of the total population - and peasants, who provided dues and service to these lords while also controlling some of their own land."

Front 18

What was the new capital in the Han Dynasty?

Back 18

Xi'an

Hint 18

"The new capital city at Xi'an took on the basic features of Chinese imperial cities from that time forward."

Front 19

What did the Chinese excel in?

Back 19

Technological Advance

Hint 19

"If trade fit somewhat uncomfortably into the dominant view of society, there was no question about the importance of technological advance. Here the Chinese excelled."

Front 20

Who commonly had the power in the Chinese family?

Back 20

The husbands and the fathers.

Hint 20

"The structure of the Chinese family resembled that of families in other agricultural civilizations in emphasizing the importance of unity and the power of husbands and fathers. Within this context, however, the Chinese stressed authority to unusual extremes."

Front 21

How did the Chinese view the outside civilizations?

Back 21

They were barbarian and had nothing to offer.

Hint 21

"Although important trade routes did lead to India and the Middle East, most Chinese saw the world in terms of a large island of civilization surrounded by barbarian peoples with nothing to offer save the periodic threat of invasion."

Front 22

How did the Chinese think of their society?

Back 22

As a whole.

Hint 22

"Not surprisingly, given the close links between the various facets of their civilization, the Chinese tended to think of their society as a whole. They did not distinguish clearly between private and public sectors of activity."