A.p. Vocabulary

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Tone

Back 1

the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.

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Diction

Back 2

the accent, inflection, intonation, and speech-sound quality manifested by an individual speaker, usually judged in terms of prevailing standards of acceptability; enunciation.

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Syntax

Back 3

the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. The study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words.

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Logic

Back 4

the science that investigates the principles governing correct orreliable inference.

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Grammar

Back 5

the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax.

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Synthesis

Back 6

the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity (opposed to analysis) the separating of any material or

abstract entity into its constituent elements.

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Authors

Back 7

a card game for two or more persons that is played with a 52-cardpack, the object being to take the largest number of tricks consistingof four cards of the same denomination.

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Subordination &

Cordination

Back 8

harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts; the condition of being subordinated, or made dependent, secondary,or subservient

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Levels of diction

Back 9

There are at least four levels of diction: formal, informal, colloquial, and slang

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Periodic or Cumulative Structure

Back 10

a condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions; ikely to be stated in general or abstract or plural terms. With the main clause stated, the forward movement of the sentence stops, the writer shifts down to the lower level of generalization or abstraction or to singular terms, and goes back over the same ground at this lower level.

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Parallelism and Balance

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the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc; a condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions.

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Anecdotes

Back 12

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

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Terms

Back 13

a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study

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Active voice

Back 14

a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb

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Passive voice

Back 15

the subject is acted upon by the verb

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The naphora

Back 16

repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences.

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inverison

Back 17

reversal of the usual or natural order of words; apstrophe

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logos

Back 18

the rational principle that governs and develops the universe.

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argument

Back 19

an oral disagreement; verbal opposition; contention; altercation

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syllogism

Back 20

an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions

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Antithesis

Back 21

the state of two things that are directly opposite to each other

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Aphorism

Back 22

a short phrase that expresses a true or wise idea

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Rhetorical question

Back 23

a question that you ask without expecting an answer

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Balanced sentence

Back 24

a sentence that employs parallel structure of approximately the same length and importance

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Cumulative sentence

Back 25

begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause.

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Periodic sentence

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a stylistic device employed at the sentence level, described as one that is not complete grammatically or semantically before the final clause or phrase.

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Parallelism

Back 27

the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc

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Induction

Back 28

a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion

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Qualify

Back 29

be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition

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Equivocation

Back 30

the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication

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The Man

Back 31

(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.

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Faulty Causality

Back 32

mistaken assumption that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second

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It does not follow

Back 33

when the evidence presented doesn't logically support its claim

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Hasty Generalization

Back 34

Broad generalizations that lack sufficient evidence to back them up are fallacies

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Begging the question

Back 35

Writers beg the question when they give a reason that is just a restatement of their claim

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Either/ or Choice

Back 36

inappropriately simplify a complex issue or (b) hide other possible solutions to the problem

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Alliteration

Back 37

inappropriately simplify a complex issue or (b) hide other possible solutions to the problem

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Onomatopoeia

Back 38

the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named

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Cliche

Back 39

a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.

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Satire

Back 40

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

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Parody

Back 41

an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect

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Subjective

Back 42

of, relating to, or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns used for the subject of a sentence.

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Literal

Back 43

taking words in their usual or most basic sense without metaphor or allegory.

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Denotation

Back 44

the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

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Cause and effect

Back 45

the principle of causation.

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classification

Back 46

the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics.

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Definition

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the degree of distinctness in outline of an object, image, or sound, especially of an image in a photograph or on a screen.

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Process Analysis

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An operation is composed of processes designed to add value by transforming inputs into useful outputs

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Comparison

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the formation of the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.

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Analogy

Back 50

a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

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Narration

Back 51

the action or process of narrating a story.

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Exposition

Back 52

a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.

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Description

Back 53

a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event.

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Metaphor

Back 54

comparison not using like or as

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Similar

Back 55

comparison using like or as

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Apostrophe

Back 56

comparison to something outside the text

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Allusion

Back 57

an address

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Hyperbole

Back 58

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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Irony

Back 59

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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Understatement

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the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

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Paradox

Back 61

a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.

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Epithet

Back 62

an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.

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Euphemism

Back 63

a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

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Aphorism

Back 64

a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain't broke, don't fix it.”

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Epigram

Back 65

a pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.

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Contrast

Back 66

the state of being strikingly different from something else, typically something in juxtaposition or close association.

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pathos

Back 67

the quality or power in an actual life in literature,music, speech

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ethos

Back 68

the moral element in dramatic literature that determines a character's action rather than his or her thought or emotion.

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objective

Back 69

of, relating to, or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns used as the object of a transitive verb or a preposition.

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Figurative

Back 70

departing from a literal use of words; metaphorical.

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Qualifier

Back 71

a word or phrase, especially an adjective, used to attribute a quality to another word, especially a noun

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Deduction

Back 72

a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true