A&p Unit 3

Front 1

Muscle fiber

Back 1

Muscle cell; multinucleated, long thin cylinder, has striations

Front 2

Sarcoplasm

Back 2

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Front 3

Sarcolemma

Back 3

Plasma membrane of muscle fiber

Front 4

Sarcomere

Back 4

Functional unit of muscle contraction, cause striations

Front 5

Endomysium

Back 5

Covers individual muscle cells

Front 6

Fascicle

Back 6

Group of muscle fibers

Front 7

Perimysium

Back 7

Surrounds a fascicle

Front 8

Epimysium

Back 8

Surrounds entire muscle

Front 9

Myofibrils

Back 9

Bundles of proteins in muscle cell; bands of sarcomere

Front 10

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 10

Stores calcium; surrounds myofibrils, within sarcoplasm

Front 11

Transverse tubules

Back 11

Extend into sarcoplasm

Front 12

Tendon

Back 12

Cord like extension of connective tissue

Front 13

Aponeurosis

Back 13

Broad & flat connective tissue, connects to bone, skin CT

Front 14

Fascia

Back 14

Dense connective tissue that surrounds skeletal muscle

Front 15

Agonist

Back 15

Prime mover

Front 16

Synergist

Back 16

Assists the agonist

Front 17

Antagonist

Back 17

Go against the agonist

Front 18

Actin

Back 18

Protein in muscle fiber that forms thin filaments

Front 19

Myosin

Back 19

Protein that's heads, with actin, form filaments (cross-bridges) that interact to contract muscle fibers; thick

Front 20

Axon terminal

Back 20

Forms neuron side of neuromuscular junction

Front 21

Motor end plate

Back 21

Highly folded region of sarcolemma, forms muscle side of neuromuscular junction

Front 22

Acetlycholine

Back 22

A neurotransmitter

Front 23

Synaptic vesicles

Back 23

Contain ACh

Front 24

Synaptic cleft

Back 24

Gap between axon terminal and motor end plate

Front 25

First Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 25

Nerve impulse reaches axon terminal

Front 26

Second Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 26

Vesicles release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft

Front 27

Third Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 27

ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds with receptors on the motor end plate

Front 28

Fourth Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 28

Permeability is increased

Front 29

Fifth Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 29

Sodium enters cell

Front 30

Sixth Step of Muscle Contraction

Back 30

Triggers electrical impulse along sarcolemma

Front 31

Calcium

Back 31

Interacts with troponin which pulls tropomyosin off the active site (exposes binding site) and actin and myosin interact

Front 32

Actin potentials

Back 32

Travel along T-tubules

Front 33

Excitation-Contraction

Back 33

The connection between the stimulation of muscle fiber and its contraction that involves an increase of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm

Front 34

Motor unit

Back 34

Motor neuron and the muscle fiber that it controls

Front 35

Recruitment

Back 35

Process in which multiple motor units are activated in response to the increasing intensity of stimulation, increasing strength of contraction

Front 36

Maximal contraction

Back 36

When all motor units are activated

Front 37

Muscle tone

Back 37

Continuous state of partial contraction even when muscles are at rest

Front 38

I bands

Back 38

Light, consist of thin filaments anchored to Z lines

Front 39

A bands

Back 39

Dark, center contains the H zone- above A band in diagrams

Front 40

Cellular Respiration and heat production

Back 40

Most energy released in Cellular Respiration becomes heat

Front 41

Isometric Contraction

Back 41

Length of muscle stays constant

Front 42

Isotonic Contraction

Back 42

Muscle shortens or lengthens

Front 43

Splenius capitis

Back 43

Beneath trapezius, v on back of neck

Front 44

Muscles of mastication

Back 44

Tempralis, masseter

Front 45

Levator scapulae

Back 45

Above rhombodius, between scapula and neck

Front 46

Brachialis

Back 46

In the middle of biceps

Front 47

Brachioradialis

Back 47

Big muscle above thumb

Front 48

Pronator teres

Back 48

Under red and yellow in the inside elbow, inferior to supinator

Front 49

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 49

Big muscle connecting to wrist beside the thumb

Front 50

Palmaris longus

Back 50

Next to flexor carpi radialis, muscle connecting to wrist in the middle

Front 51

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 51

Big muscle beneath deltoid on back of arm, most superior (most words, most superior)

Front 52

Flexor

Back 52

Palm up view

Front 53

Extensor

Back 53

Palm down view

Front 54

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 54

Most lateral on the ulnar side

Front 55

Extensor digitorum

Back 55

Big muscle in the middle of lower arm

Front 56

Supinator

Back 56

Superior to pronator teres

Front 57

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 57

Other side of sartorius

Front 58

Adductor longus

Back 58

Inner thigh

Front 59

Gracilis

Back 59

Inside legs beside adductor longus

Front 60

Hamstring group

Back 60

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Front 61

Biceps femoris

Back 61

Outside back leg

Front 62

Semitendinosus

Back 62

Inside back leg

Front 63

Semimembranosus

Back 63

Either side of semitendinosus

Front 64

Rectus femoris

Back 64

Biggest thigh muscle

Front 65

Vastus medialis

Back 65

Thigh to knee (medial)

Front 66

Vastus lateralis

Back 66

Thigh to knee (lateral)

Front 67

Vastus intermedius

Back 67

Deep to rectus femoris

Front 68

Dorsiflexor

Back 68

Tibialis anterior

Front 69

Tibialis anterior

Back 69

Big shin muscle

Front 70

Plantar flexors

Back 70

Gastrocnemius, soleus

Front 71

Gastrocnemius

Back 71

Upper calf, looks like butt

Front 72

Soleus

Back 72

Either side of Achilles tendon

Front 73

Invertor

Back 73

Tibialis posterior

Front 74

Tibialis posterior

Back 74

muscle deep calf

Front 75

Fibularis longus

Back 75

Side of leg

Front 76

Depolarization

Back 76

The membrane of a neuron becoming less negative (more positive) than resting potential. Ex: acetylcholine contacts receptors, sarcolemma becomes soluble to sodium

Front 77

Repolarization

Back 77

The membrane potential of a neuron returning to its resting negative state. Ex: sacrolemma becomes impermeable to sodium ions, potassium ions leak out of cell, restoring potential

Front 78

Action potential

Back 78

Sequence of electrical charges that exceeds threshold. Ex: cell interior becomes less negatively charged, sacrolemma's change in polarity continues down length of cell

Front 79

Action potential

Back 79

Sequence of electrical charges that exceeds threshold. Ex: cell interior becomes less negatively charged, sacrolemma's change in polarity continues down length of cell

Front 80

Twitch

Back 80

A single nerve impulse travels down a motor neuron which causes a brief muscle contraction

Front 81

Latent

Back 81

The time between the stimulation of muscle fibers and force generation

Front 82

Contraction

Back 82

This phase is the time during which the force increases

Front 83

Relaxation

Back 83

This phase is when the force decreases

Front 84

Summation

Back 84

Increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes

Front 85

Tetany

Back 85

Continous, forceful skeletal muscle contraction with little or no relaxation

Front 86

Fewer muscle fibers in motor units

Back 86

More precise movements