A&p Muscles

Front 1

Frontal Belly (Frontalis)

Back 1

Raises eyebrows; wrinkles the forehead; covers forehead and skull

Hint 1

O: galea aponeurotica

I: skin of eyebrows and root of nose

Front 2

Occipital Belly (Occipitalis)

Back 2

Overlies the occipital bone; fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

Hint 2

O: Occipital and Temporal bones

I: galea aponeurotica

Front 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Back 3

Surrounds the orbit; blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly

Hint 3

O: Frontal and Maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit

I: tissue of eyelid

Front 4

Zygomaticus (major and minor)

Back 4

Pair of muscles extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth; elevates corners of mouth (smiling)

Hint 4

O: zygomatic bone

I: skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Front 5

Levator Labii Superioris

Back 5

Between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin; opens lips; raises and furrows the upper lip

Hint 5

O: zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of manilla

I: skin and muscle of upper lip

Front 6

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Back 6

Small muscle running from mandible to lower lip; draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)

Hint 6

O: body of mandible lateral to its midline

I: skin and muscle of lower lip

Front 7

Depressor Anguli Oris

Back 7

Small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris; draws corners of mouth downward and laterally

Hint 7

O: body of mandible below incisors

I: skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus

Front 8

Orbicularis Oris

Back 8

Encircles the lips; closes, purses, and protrudes lips

Hint 8

O: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible

I: into skin and muscle at angles of mouth

Front 9

Buccinator

Back 9

Principal muscle of the cheek; deep to masseter; draws corners of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (whistling and sucking)

Hint 9

O: molar region of manilla and mandible

I: orbicularis oris

Front 10

Platysma

Back 10

Thin, sheet-like neck muscle involved in facial expression; helps depress mandible; pulls lower lip back and down; tenses skin of neck

Hint 10

O: fascia of chest

I: lower margin of mandible, skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Front 11

Masseter

Back 11

Large muscle that covers the lateral aspect of the mandible; elevates the mandible

Hint 11

O: zygomatic arch and maxilla

I: angle of ramus of mandible

Front 12

Temporalis

Back 12

Fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of temporal, frontal, and parietal bones; closes jaw

Hint 12

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process of mandible

Front 13

Genioglossus

Back 13

Fan-shaped; forms bulk of tongue; protrudes tongue

Hint 13

O: interior mandible;

I: inferior tongue and hyoid

Front 14

Hypoglossus

Back 14

Flat quadrilateral muscle; depresses tongue and draws its sides downward

Hint 14

O: hyoid

I: inferolateral tongue

Front 15

Styloglossus

Back 15

Slender muscle running superiorly to and at right angles to hypoglossus

Hint 15

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: inferolateral tongue

Front 16

"glossus"

Back 16

Tongue (general)

Front 17

"oris"

Back 17

Mouth (general)

Hint 17

Oral

Front 18

"oculis"

Back 18

Eye (general)

Front 19

Digastric

Back 19

Two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V-shape under the chin; in concert: elevate the hyoid and steady it during swallowing; from behind: open mouth and depress mandible

Hint 19

O: lower mandible and mastoid process of temporal bone

I: connective tissue loop of hyoid

Front 20

Stylohyoid

Back 20

Below angle of jaw; elevates and retracts hyoid

Hint 20

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: hyoid bone

Front 21

Mylohyoid

Back 21

Triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; forms floor of anterior mouth; elevates hyoid and floor of mouth to force food into pharynx

Hint 21

O: medial surface of mandible

I: hyoid and median raphe

Front 22

Geniohyoid

Back 22

Runs from chin to hyoid bone deep to mylohyoid; pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly

Hint 22

O: inner mandible

I: hyoid bone

Front 23

Sternohyoid

Back 23

Most medial muscle of the neck; depresses larynx and hyoid bone

Hint 23

O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle

I: lower edge of hyoid

Front 24

Sternothyroid

Back 24

Lateral and deep to sternohyoid; pulls thyroid cartilage inferiorly

Hint 24

O: posterior surface of manubrium

I: thyroid cartilage

Front 25

Omohyoid

Back 25

Strap-like; two bellies; lateral to sternohyoid; depresses and retracts hyoid bone

Hint 25

O: superior surface of scapula

I: hyoid bone

Front 26

Thyrohyoid

Back 26

Appears as a superior continuation of sternothyroid muscle; depresses hyoid and elevates larynx (if hyoid is fixed)

Hint 26

O: thyroid cartilage

I: hyoid bone

Front 27

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 27

Deep to platysma on anterolateral aspect of neck; flexes head (both working together); rotates head toward opposite shoulder (when working unilaterally)

Hint 27

O: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Front 28

Scalenes

Back 28

Anterior, middle, and posterior; deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid; elevates first two ribs (aid in inspiration); flex and rotate neck

Hint 28

O: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

I: anterolaterally on first two ribs

Front 29

Splenius (capitus and cervicus)

Back 29

Extends from upper thoracic vertebrae to skull; extend or hyperextend head (acting together); head is rotated and bent laterally toward the same side (acting alone)

Hint 29

O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T6

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone