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182 Cards in this Set
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allegory
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a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms
an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story) |
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alliteration
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two words with the same consanant sound
(Michigan monsters) |
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allusion
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a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.
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anaphora
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repetition of a word of phrase at the beginning of a line or verse
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anecdote
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a short account of a particular incident or event of an interesting or amusing nature, often biographical
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antithesis
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the direct opposite:
the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas, as in “Give me liberty or give me death.” |
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apostrophe
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an address to an imaginary or absent person or personification
the personification of an object or idea |
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archetype
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an original model of pattern:
a constantly recurring symbol or motif in literature |
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assonance
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the use of the same vowel sound with different consonants or the same consonant with different vowels in successive words or stressed syllables, as in a line of verse. Examples are time and light or mystery and mastery
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asyndeton
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the omission of conjunctions as in “He has provided the poor with Jobs, with opportunity, with self-respect.”
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attitude
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manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc., with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, esp. of the mind
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ballad
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a simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed in short stanzas and adapted for singing.
a narrative poem in short stanzas of popular origin |
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ballad stanza
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a four-line stanza consisting of unrhymed first and third lines in iambic tetrameter and rhymed second and fourth lines in iambic trimeter, often used in ballads.
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blank verse
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unrhymed verse, esp. the unrhymed iambic pentameter most frequently used in English dramatic, epic, and reflective verse.
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caesura
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Prosody . a break, esp. a sense pause, usually near the middle of a verse, and marked in scansion by a double vertical line, as in know then thyself ‖ presume not god to scan.
a division made by the ending of a word within a foot, or sometimes at the end of a foot, esp. in certain recognized places near the middle of a verse. |
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caricature
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a pictorial, written, or acted representation of a person, which exaggerates his characteristic traits for comic effect
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chiasmus
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a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases, as in “He went to the country, to the town went she.”
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colloquial
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characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal.
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conceit
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an elaborate image or far-fetched comparison, esp as used by the English Metaphysical poets
a witty or ingenious turn of phrase; "he could always come up with some inspired off-the-wall conceit" an artistic device or effect |
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connotation
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the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning: A possible example of “home” is “a place of warmth, comfort, and affection.”
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consonance
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the correspondence of consonants, esp. those at the end of a word, in a passage of prose or verse. Compare alliteration ( def. 1 ) .
b. the use of the repetition of consonants or consonant patterns as a rhyming device. |
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couplet
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two successive lines of verse, usually rhymed and of the same metre
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dactylic
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a stressed followed by two unstressed in accentual meter, as in gently and humanly.
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denotation
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there are no emotions, values, or images associated with denotative meaning.
he word "rose" signifies a particular kind of flower |
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dialect
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a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers who are set off from others geographically or socially.
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diction
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style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words
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dramatic monologue
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a poetic form in which a single character, addressing a silent auditor at a critical moment, reveals himself or herself and the dramatic situation.
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elegy
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a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, esp. a funeral song or a lament for the dead.
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enjambment
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the running on of the thought from one line, couplet, or stanza to the next without a syntactical break
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epic
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noting or pertaining to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero, in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style
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exposition
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dialogue, description, etc., that gives the audience or reader the background of the characters and the present situation.
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extended metaphor
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a metaphor that is extended through a stanza or entire poem, often by multiple comparisons of unlike objects or ideas
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falling action
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the part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved
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farce
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a light, humorous play in which the plot depends upon a skillfully exploited situation rather than upon the development of character
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foreshadowing
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to show or indicate beforehand; prefigure:
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formal diction
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lofty and impersonal diction
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flashback
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a device in the narrative of a motion picture, novel, etc., by which an event or scene taking place before the present time in the narrative is inserted into the chronological structure of the work.
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free verse
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verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern
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genre
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a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like:
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hyperbole
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obvious and intentional exaggeration.
2. an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity. |
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iambic
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an unstressed followed by two stressed in accentual meter
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imagery
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the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively
figurative description or illustration; rhetorical images collectively |
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informal diction
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language that is not as lofty or impersonal as formal diction; similar to everyday speech
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in medias res
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in or into the middle of events or a narrative
[literally: into the midst of things, taken from a passage in Horace's Ars Poetica ] |
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irony
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the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning
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jargon
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language that is characterized by uncommon or pretentious vocabulary and convoluted syntax and is often vague in meaning
unintelligible or meaningless talk or writing; gibberish. |
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juxtaposition
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A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side, often done in order to compare/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences
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limited point of view
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or limited focus a perspective pinned to a single character, whether a first-person-or a third-person-centered consciousness, so that we cannot know for sure what is going on in the minds of other characters
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litote
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understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary); "saying `I was not a little upset' when you mean `I was very upset'
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loose sentence
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a sentence that does not end with the completion of its main clause, but continues with one or more subordinate clauses or other modifiers.
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lyric
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having the form and musical quality of a song, and esp. the character of a songlike outpouring of the poet's own thoughts and feelings, as distinguished from epic and dramatic poetry.
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message
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an implicit meaning or moral
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metaphor
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a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “A mighty fortress is our god.”
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meter
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poetic measure; arrangement of words in regularly measured, patterned, or rhythmic lines or verses.
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metonymy
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a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part,
"give us a hand" |
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mood
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a category of the verb or verbal inflections that expresses semantic and grammatical differences, including such forms as the indicative, subjunctive, and imperative
a distinctive emotional quality or character |
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motif
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a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., esp. in a literary, artistic, or musical work.
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narrative structure
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the structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer
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narrator
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he person who conveys the story to the audience and sometimes known as the viewpoint character.
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occasional poem
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poetry composed for a particular occasion. In the history of literature, it is often studied in connection with orality, performance, and patronage.
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ode
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a lyric poem typically of elaborate or irregular metrical form and expressive of exalted or enthusiastic emotion.
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omniscient p.o.v
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having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding
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onomatopoeia
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1. the formation of words whose sound is imitative of the sound of the noise or action designated, such as hiss, buzz,
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overstatement
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o state too strongly; exaggerate or overemphasize
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oxymoron
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a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in “cruel kindness” or “to make haste slowly.”
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parable
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a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or teach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson
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paradox
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a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
"I always tell lies." |
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parody
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a work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation
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parallel structure
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a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.
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pastoral
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having the simplicity, charm, serenity, or other characteristics generally attributed to rural areas
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periodic sentence
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a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense, as in Unable to join the others at the dance because of my sprained ankle, I went to a movie.
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persona
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The role that one assumes or displays in public or society; one's public image or personality, as distinguished from the inner self.
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personification
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the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions
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petrarchan sonnet
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a sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd.
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protagonist
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the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.
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quatrain
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a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes.
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realism
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a theory of writing in which the ordinary, familiar, or mundane aspects of life are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner that is presumed to reflect life as it actually is
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refrain
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a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, esp. at the end of each stanza; chorus.
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rising action
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a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest.
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rhyme
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identity in sound of some part, esp. the end, of words or lines of verse.
2. a word agreeing with another in terminal sound: Find is a rhyme for mind and womankind. 3. verse or poetry having correspondence in the terminal sounds of the lines. 4. a poem or piece of verse having such correspondence |
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rhythm
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a patterned repetition of a motif, formal element, etc., at regular or irregular intervals in the same or a modified form.
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sarcasm
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a sharply ironical taunt; sneering or cutting remark
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satire
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in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision, or ridicule.
the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. |
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scansion
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the metrical analysis of verse. The usual marks for scansion are ˘ for a short or unaccented syllable, ¯ or for a long or accented syllable, ^ for a rest, | for a foot division, and ‖ for a caesura or pause.
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setting
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the locale or period in which the action of a novel, play, film, etc., takes place:
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shakespearian sonnet
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sonnet consisting three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg
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shaped verse
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poetry that is shaped to look like an object
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simile
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a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in “she is like a rose.”
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soliloquy
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an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself or herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in drama to disclose a character's innermost thoughts)
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speaker
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a person who speaks formally before an audience; lecturer; orator.
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stanza
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an arrangement of a certain number of lines, usually four or more, sometimes having a fixed length, meter, or rhyme scheme, forming a division of a poem.
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stereotype
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a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group: The cowboy and Indian are American stereotypes.
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stock character
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a character in literature, theater, or film of a type quickly recognized and accepted by the reader or viewer and requiring no development by the writer.
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structure
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the relationship or organization of the component parts of a work of art or literature
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style
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the mode of expressing thought in writing or speaking by selecting and arranging words, considered with respect to clearness, effectiveness, euphony, or the like, that is characteristic of a group, period, person, personality, etc
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symbolism
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the representation of something in symbolic form or the attribution of symbolic meaning or character to something
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synecdoche
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a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special, as in ten sail for ten ships "They received an announcement from the White House."
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syntax
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the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words.
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terza rima
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an Italian form of iambic verse consisting of eleven-syllable lines arranged in tercets, the middle line of each tercet rhyming with the first and last lines of the following tercet.
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theme
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a unifying idea, image, or motif, repeated or developed throughout a work
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tone
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general aspect, quality, or style
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tragedy
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a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction.
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trochee
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stressed followed by an unstressed in accentual meter.
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turning point
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a point at which a decisive change takes place; critical point; crisis.
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villanelle
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a short poem of fixed form, written in tercets, usually five in number, followed by a final quatrain, all being based on two rhymes.
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voice
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expression in spoken or written words, or by other means:
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accent
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degree of prominence of a syllable within a word and sometimes of a word within a phrase:
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acrostic
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a series of lines or verses in which the first, last, or other particular letters when taken in order spell out a word, phrase,
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analysis
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this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations: the grammatical analysis of a sentence.
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anapest
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a metrical foot of three syllables, the first two short, the last long
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cacophony
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a discordant and meaningless mixture of sounds
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carpe diem
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sieze the day; enjoy the present, as opposed to placing all hope in the future
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clerihew
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a light verse form, usually consisting of two couplets, with lines of uneven length and irregular meter, the first line usually containing the name of a well-known person
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closed couplet
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a couplet that concludes with an end-stopped line.
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common meter
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; the usual (iambic) meter of a ballad
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concrete poetry
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poetry in which effects are created by the physical arrangement of words in patterns or forms rather than by the use of traditional language structure
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contrast
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to compare in order to show unlikeliness or differences; note the opposite natures, purposes, etc.
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convention
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general agreement or consent; accepted usage; esp as a standard of procedure
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cosmic irony
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the idea that fate, destiny, or a god controls and toys with human hopes and expectations; also, the belief that the universe is so large and man is so small that the universe is indifferent to the plight of man; also called irony of fate
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dactyl
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a foot of three syllables; one long followed by two short in quantitative meter, or one stressed followed by two unstressed in accentual meter
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decorum
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the appropriate rendering of a character, action, speech, or scene.
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dimeter
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a verse or line of two measures or feet.
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doggerel
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cosmic or burlesque, and usually loose or irregular in measure.
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dramatic irony
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irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
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end rhyme
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rhyme of the terminal syllables of lines of poetry.
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english sonnet
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a sonnet form used by Shakespeare and having the rhyme scheme abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
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epigram
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a short, often satirical poem dealing concisely with a single subject and usually ending with a witty or ingenious turn of thought.
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euphony
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the alteration of speech sounds, especially by assimilation, so as to make them easier to pronounce; a pleasing sound, especially in speech.
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explication
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analysis or interpretation, especially of a literary passage or work or philosophical doctrine.
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feminine rhyme
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a rhyme either of two syllables in which the second is unstressed (double rhyme), as in motion and notion, or of three syllables of which the second and third are unstressed (triple rhyme), as in fortunate, importunate
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figure of speech
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any expressive use of language, as in a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in their other than literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect.
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folk ballad
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a song that is traditionally sung by the common people of a region and forms part of their culture.
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foot
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a group of syllables constituting a metrical unit of verse.
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the reason why kathleen is going to rock this test
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because she is an awesome, pulchritudinous human being who is studying so much its scary and will thus do fantastically.
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form
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a fixed mode of artistic expression or representation in literary, musical, or other artistic works.
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haiku
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a major form of japanese verse, written in 17 syllables divided into three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables, and employing highly evocative allusions and comparisons, often on the subject of nature or one of the seasons.
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heptameter
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a verse of seven metrical feet.
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heroic couplet
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a stanza consisting of two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter, especially one forming a rhetorical unit and written in an elevated style, as, "know then thyself, presume not god to scan / the proper study of Mankind is Man"
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hexameter
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a verse line consisting of six metrical feet.
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iambic pentameter
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a common meter in poetry consisting of an unrhymed line with five feet or accents, each foot containing an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable.
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image
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a mental picture or association of ideas evoked in a literary work, especially in poetry.
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internal rhyme
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a rhyme created by two or more words in the same line of verse.
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italian sonnet
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a sonnet form popularized by Petrarch, consisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd.
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kennings
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a conventional poetic phrase used for or in addition to the usual name of a person or thing, especially in Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon verse, as in "a wave traveler" for "a boat"
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limerick
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a kind of humorous verse of five lines, in which the first, second, and fifth lines rhyme with each other, and the third and fourth lines, which are shorter, form a rhymed couplet.
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madrigal
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a lyric poem suitable for being set to music, usually short and often of amatory character, especially fashionable in the 16th century.
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masculine rhyme
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a rhyme of a single stressed syllable, as in disdain, complain.
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monometer
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a line of verse of one measure or foot.
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myth
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a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature.
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narrative poem
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a poem that tells a story and has a plot.
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octameter
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a line consisting of eight measures or feet.
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octave
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a group of eight lines of verse, especially the first eight lines of a sonnet in the Italian form. a stanza of eight lines.
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paraphrase
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a restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording.
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pentameter
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a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet.
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poetic diction
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language used in poetry; vocabulary, phrasing, and usage appropriate for verse.
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prose poem
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a composition written as prose but having the concentrated, rhythmic, figurative language characteristic of poetry.
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prosody
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the science or study of poetic meters and versification.
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pun
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the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words.
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rhyme scheme
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the pattern of rhymes used in a poem, usually marked by letters to symbolize correspondences, as rhyme royal, ababbcc.
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sestet
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the last six lines of a sonnet in the Italian form, considered as a unit. any group or set of six.
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sonnet
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a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite schemes.
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spondee
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a foot of two syllables, both of which are long in quantitative meter or stressed in accentual meter.
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stress
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accent or emphasis on syllables in a metrical pattern; beat.
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tercet
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a group of three lines rhyming together or connected by a rhyme with the adjacent group or groups of three lines.
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tetrameter
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a verse of four feet.
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tragic irony
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the use of dramatic irony in a tragedy so that the audience is aware the character's words or actions will bring about a tragic or fatal result, while the character himself is not.
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elizabeth briggs pallante
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a rather awesome human being, most well known at this point in time for helping her sister kathleen murphy pallante with her poetry flashcards. synonymous with awesome, fantastic, and damn sweet.
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trimester
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a period of three months
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verbal irony
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a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.
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verse
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a succession of metrical feet written, printed, or orally composed as one line; one of the lines of a poem.
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closed form
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has an established pattern when it comes to line length, meter, rhyme, imagery, syntax, or stanzas.
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concrete diction
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language that describes qualities that can be perceived with the five senses as opposed to using abstract or generalized language. For example, pleasant or good (abstract) vs. cool or sweet (concrete).
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didactic poetry
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poetry that is clearly intended for the purpose of instruction - to impart theoretical, moral, or practical knowledge, or to explain the principles of some art or science.
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end-stopped line
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a line of poetry which has a natural pause at the end, usually because of punctuation.
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falling meters
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meters which move from stressed to unstressed syllables.
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fixed form
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the general term covering the various kinds of poem in which the meter and rhyme scheme are governed by a prescribed pattern.
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found poetry
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a type of poetry created by taking words, phrases, and sometimes whole passages from other sources and reframing them as poetry by making changes in spacing and/or lines (and consequently meaning), or by altering the text by additions and/or deletions.
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incremental refrain
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repetition, with variation, of a refrain or other part of a poem, especially a ballad.
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open form
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a poem in which the poet wrote freely without worrying about trying to make the words fit into a specific meter or rhyme scheme.
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run-on line
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a line with no punctuation at the end, signifying it should flow into the next line.
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terminal refrain
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a group of words, phrases, or lines repeated at the end of a stanza.
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kathleen murphy pallante
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an excellent human being who is prepared to rock this tests socks.
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