Ap Euro -Unit 4

Front 1

Mercantilism

Back 1

A system developed by various European States to guarantee a favorable balance of trade with other European Nations or with other American Colonies

Front 2

Adam Smith

Back 2

Improved the Laissez-Faire as well as being a huge definer of Capitalism. Went against Mercantilism.

Front 3

Francis Bacon

Back 3

Started the Scientific and inductive method. Believed that knowledge in power

Front 4

Rene Descartes

Back 4

Questions everything, including reality itself(Cartesian Dualism)

Invented analytical geometry

Front 5

Discourse on Method

Back 5

Written by Rene Descartes, defines 2 types of matter, thinking substance(Everything to do with the mind) and extended substance(physical world). This division became known as Cartesian Dualism

Front 6

Nicolaus Copernicus

Back 6

Created the idea of the Heliocentric System. Went against the church to prove his ideas.

Front 7

Galileo Galilei

Back 7

Made many experiments on gravity and inertia. Proved that Earth was not center of universe and refined the telescope.

Front 8

Isaac Newton

Back 8

Put Kepler's and Galileo's ideas together in order to create the laws of motion and gravity.

Also invented calculus

Front 9

Johanne's Kepler

Back 9

Discovered 3 planetary laws of motion that helped Newton understand gravity

Front 10

Seven Years' War

Back 10

Competition for colonies between Britain and France. France lost and Britain was solidified as a world power.

Front 11

Capitalism

Back 11

The idea of investing money into ventures in order to make profit.

Front 12

Deism

Back 12

Believed in a natural law and Human reason alone could answer all the questions in life. Prayers and miracles violated natural order to them.

Front 13

Scientific Revolution

Back 13

A time of Scientific breakthroughs in astronomy and physics

Front 14

The Enlightenment

Back 14

A time where philosophers(Philisophes) argued that Humans could answer all questions through science and reason

Front 15

Madame Geoffrin

Back 15

Hosted a very lively French Salon and supported in the publishing of The Encyclopedia

Front 16

Voltaire

Back 16

A leader of the Enlightenment, he was tolerant of religions and believed that a monarchy was the best form of government. He would listen to all viewpoints on a topic and was supported by Frederick the Great.

Front 17

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Back 17

The founder of the romantic Movement, he put an emphasis on letting everyone express their emotions.

Front 18

Baron de Montesquieu

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A large supporter of checks and balances, he believed that the powers must be separated

Front 19

Denis Diderot

Back 19

Wrote a compilation of social and political critique that popularized the ideas of the philosophes in his book, Encyclopedia

Front 20

Francois Quesnay

Back 20

Led the physiocrats and supported the laissez-faire, he wanted to remove restrictions on free trade, such as tariffs

Front 21

Physiocrats

Back 21

Believers of the Laissez-Faire and wanted to remove restrictions on free trade, such as tariffs

Front 22

Middle Passage

Back 22

The journey taken by slaves from West Africa to the West Indies

Front 23

Triangular Trade

Back 23

Shipping goods from Britain to West Africa in exchange for slaves, and slaves being shipped to West indies for sugar, rum, etc.

Front 24

Plantation System

Back 24

The division of land into smaller, private units(usually for slavery)

Front 25

Mary Wollstonecraft

Back 25

A feminist and writer who wanted equal rights for women.