A&p Ch 8 And 9

Front 1

What are some of the major functions of the nervous system?

Back 1

Receiving sensory input, integrating information, controlling muscles and glands, maintaining homeostasis, and establishing and maintaining mental activity.

Front 2

What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system?

Back 2

CNS and PNS

Front 3

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Back 3

CNS

Front 4

Division of PNS that conducts action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS.

Back 4

Sensory or afferent division

Front 5

Consists of all nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Back 5

PNS

Front 6

Neurons that transmit action potentials from the periphery to the CNS

Back 6

Sensory neurons

Front 7

Division of PNS that conducts action potentials from the CNS to effector organs.

Back 7

Motor or efferent division

Front 8

Transmits action potentials from CNS toward periphery.

Back 8

Motor neurons

Front 9

Transmits action potentials from CNS to skeletal muscles

Back 9

Somatic nervous system

Front 10

What are the divisions of the motor division?

Back 10

Somatic and autonomic

Front 11

Transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Back 11

Autonomic nervous system

Front 12

Receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs.

Back 12

Neurons

Front 13

What are the three parts of a neuron?

Back 13

Cell body, dendrite and axon

Front 14

What are the divisions or the autonomic system?

Back 14

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 15

Holds the organelles

Back 15

Cell body

Front 16

Receive info from other neurons or from sensory receptors and transmit the info toward the neuron cell body.

Back 16

Dendrites

Front 17

Conduct action potentials toward the CNS in sensory neurons and away in motor neurons.

Back 17

Axons

Front 18

Primary supporting cells of the CNS and PNS. Do not conduct action potentials.

Back 18

Glial cells

Front 19

Provide insulating material that surrounds axons.

Back 19

Schwann cells

Front 20

Gaps in the myelin sheath.

Back 20

Nodes of ranvier

Front 21

Secreted by cells in a local area; influences the activity of the same cell or cell type from which it was secreted.

Back 21

Autocrine

Front 22

Produced by a wide variety of tissues and secreted into extracellular fluid; has a localized effect on other tissues.

Back 22

Paracrine

Front 23

Produced by neurons; secreted into a synaptic cleft by presynaptic nerve terminals; travels short distances; influences postsynaptic cells.

Back 23

Neurotransmitter

Front 24

Secreted into the blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues; results in coordinated regulation of cell function.

Back 24

Endocrine

Front 25

Sits in sella turcica, secretes hormones, controls growth and development.

Back 25

Pituitary gland

Front 26

Conserves water; constricts blood vessels. helps with kidneys.

Back 26

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 27

Increases uterine contractions. Helpful in childbirth.

Back 27

Oxytocin

Front 28

What is another name for oxytocin?

Back 28

Pitacin

Front 29

Enlargement of thyroid.

Back 29

Goiter

Front 30

How many parathyroid glands does the average human have?

Back 30

4

Front 31

How many percent of people have 5 parathyroid glands?

Back 31

2%

Front 32

What are the two major hormones secreted by the pancreas?

Back 32

Insulin and glucagon

Front 33

What is the normal glucose level in humans?

Back 33

60-110

Front 34

Diabetes that stems from an inadequate amount of insulin.

Back 34

Type 1 diabetes

Front 35

Diabetes that stems from an inadequate amount of glucagon.

Back 35

Type 2 diabetes

Front 36

Site of production of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Back 36

Medulla

Front 37

How many adrenal glands does the average person have?

Back 37

2

Front 38

Disease in which there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones.

Back 38

Grave's disease

Front 39

A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.

Back 39

Hypothyroidism

Front 40

Condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Back 40

Hyperthyroidism

Front 41

Severely stunted growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones.

Back 41

Cretinism

Front 42

Swelling of the skin tissue which gives it a waxy consistency. common with thyroid problems.

Back 42

Myxedema

Front 43

Increase fat and protein breakdown.

Back 43

Glucocorticoids

Front 44

Assist with production of milk.

Back 44

Prolactin

Front 45

Growth caused by hormonal imbalance.

Back 45

Gigantism

Front 46

Condition in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. Results in long face and tiny hands.

Back 46

Acromegaly

Front 47

Released in response to stress. Used to treat allergic reactions.

Back 47

Cortisol

Front 48

Stimulate secretion of hormones from ovaries and testes.

Back 48

LH and FSH

Front 49

Secreted by kidneys in response to reduced oxygen.

Back 49

Erythropoietin

Front 50

Assists with the immune system.

Back 50

Thymus

Front 51

Produces melatonin.

Back 51

Pineal gland

Front 52

What happens when calcium breaks down?

Back 52

Reabsorption of calcium from other parts of the body, and breakdown of bone.

Front 53

Manages calcium homeostasis.

Back 53

PTH

Front 54

These vertebrae innervate the diaphragm.

Back 54

C3, C4, C5

Front 55

Where is the brainstem located?

Back 55

From the Foramen magnum up.

Front 56

Where is CSF made?

Back 56

Ventricles

Front 57

What are the three meninges called?

Back 57

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Front 58

Cells that eat bacteria.

Back 58

Microglial cells

Front 59

Concept of action potentials jumping down axon.

Back 59

Saltatory conduction

Front 60

Large mass of gray matter making up the bulk of the diencephalon; involved in the relay of sensory input to the cerebrum.

Back 60

Thalamus

Front 61

Dorsal part of the diencephalon.

Back 61

Epithalamus

Front 62

Ventral part of the diencephalon.

Back 62

Hypothalamus

Front 63

Begins at foramen magnum and ends at L2.

Back 63

Spinal cord

Front 64

Sensory pathway from skin to thalamus.

Back 64

Spinothalamic

Front 65

What are the functions of skin?

Back 65

Protection, sensory, and excretion

Front 66

What are the three layers of the skin?

Back 66

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Front 67

Small muscles on each follicles that allow hairs to stand on end when contracted

Back 67

Arrector pili

Front 68

This weakens elastic fibers in skin.

Back 68

UV light

Front 69

Phase of active hair follicle growth.

Back 69

Anagen

Front 70

Phase of transition in hair follicle growth. Signals end of hair growth.

Back 70

Catagen

Front 71

Resting phase in hair follicle growth.

Back 71

Telogen

Front 72

Another name for fingerprints

Back 72

Domatoglyphs

Front 73

Hormones hat regulate blood nutrient levels.

Back 73

Glucocorticoids

Front 74

Hormones that regulate blood volume and blood levels of K+ and Na+.

Back 74

Mineralcorticoids

Front 75

Hormones that stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.

Back 75

Androgens