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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All energy on earth ultimately comes to the earth via the ____, and leaves as ____.
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All energy on earth ultimately comes to the earth via the SUN, and leaves as HEAT.
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What is the entire purpose of cellular respiration?
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To generate (or regenerate) ATP.
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What happens in catabolic pathways? And what does this breakdown produce?
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Cells degrade complex (high energy) molecules to waste products (low energy). It produces energy for work and heat.
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What are two types of ways organisms can generate (or regenerate) ATP?
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Two types of ways organisms can generate (or regenerate) ATP is through aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation.
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What's the benefit and drawback of aerobic cellular respiration?
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Benefit: It's efficient.
Drawback: Requires oxygen. |
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What the benefit and drawback of fermentation?
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Benefit: Doesn't require oxygen.
Drawback: Not efficient. |
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In the chemical formula for cellular respiration, what goes in, and what comes out?
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Glucose + 6 oxygen molecules -> 6 carbon dioxide molecules + 1 molecule of water + energy.
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The word "Redox" comes from what two words?
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Reduction & oxidation.
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What are redox reactions based on?
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Their based on the transfer of electrons from reactants to products.
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Describe oxidation.
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LOSS of electrons.
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Describe reduction.
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GAIN of electrons.
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Electron acceptor = (oxidizing agent/reducting agent)
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Electron acceptor = oxidizing agent.
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Electron donor (giver) = (oxidizing agent/reducting agent)
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Electron donor (giver) = reducting agent.
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Describe electronegativity.
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The attraction of electrons.
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What atom is appropriately coined as "greedy-electron-hog"?
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Oxygen.
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Oxygen is one of the best oxidizers because of its strong ____________.
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Oxygen is one of the best oxidizers because of its strong ELECTRONEGATIVITY.
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The move of electrons ______ ____ highly electronegative atoms produces energy.
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The move of electrons CLOSER TO highly electronegative atoms produces energy. (exergonic)
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The move of electrons ______ ____ highly electronegative atoms requires energy.
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The move of electrons FURTHER FROM highly electronegative atoms requires energy. (endergonic)
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Overall in cellular respiration, ________ is oxidized and ________ is reduced.
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Overall in cellular respiration, GLUCOSE is oxidized and REDUCED is reduced.
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Molecules with many ________ atoms (such as carbs and fats) are great reservers of potential energy, but the release must be controlled.
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Molecules with many HYDROGEN atoms (such as carbs and fats) are great reservers of potential energy, but the release must be controlled.
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Glucose must be broken down in multiple steps--all driven by _________.
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Glucose must be broken down in multiple steps--all driven by ENZYMES.
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What is NADH's function in life?
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NADH is an electron carrier.
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The formation of NADH is an example of a _______ reaction.
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The formation of NADH is an example of a REDOX reaction.
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Describe the formation of NADH.
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2 electrons are stripped from a substrate by an enzyme dehydrogenase (along with 2 protons), so 2 hydrogens are given off, and then are passed to the molecule NAD^+ (electron acceptor) and forms NADH. One proton (H^+) is lost to the environment.
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Where is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) located?
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In the mitochondria.
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What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
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A controlled release of energy.
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Electron transfer from NADH to OV2 is _________ (produces energy).
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Electron transfer from NADH to OV2 is EXERGONIC (produces energy).
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What are the 3 main steps in cellular respiration?
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1. Glycolysis (in cytosol)
2. Citric Acid Cycle (in mitochondria) 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation (in mitochondria by ETC and chemiosmosis) |
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Which step of cellular respiration produces most (90%) of ATP?
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Oxidative phosphorylation.
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Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are both catabolic/anabolic processes that ________ glucose and other organic molecules.
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Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are both catabolic processes that DECOMPOSE glucose and other organic molecules.
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