Ap Bio Cell Communication Test

Front 1

Using yeast cell transduction pathways, both types of mating cells release the mating factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the correct cells,

Back 1

Which induce changes that lead to cell fusion

Front 2

What is most likely to happen to an animal's target cells that lack receptors for local regulators?

Back 2

They might not be able to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells.

Front 3

Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding?

Back 3

paracrine signaling

Front 4

In yeast signal transduction, the yeast cells

Back 4

secrete molecules that result in response by other yeast cells.

Front 5

In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in animals?

Back 5

Plant hormones may travel in air or through vascular systems

Front 6

When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway?

Back 6

Signal molecule

Front 7

Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to

Back 7

The active site of an allosteric enzyme that binds to a specific substrate

Front 8

Which of the following is true for the signaling system in an animal cell that lacks the ability to produce GTP?

Back 8

It would not be able to activate and inactivate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

Front 9

Testosterone functions inside a cell by

Back 9

Binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes

Front 10

Which of the following is true of transcription factors?

Back 10

They control gene expression

Front 11

One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which type does this?

Back 11

receptor tyrosine kinases

Front 12

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are found at high levels on various cancer cells. A protein, Herceptin, has been found to bind to an RTK known as HER2. This information can now be utilized in breast cancer treatment if which of the following is true?

Back 12

If the patients cancer cells have detectable HER2

Front 13

The receptors for a group of signaling molecules known as growth factors are often

Back 13

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Front 14

Sutherland discovered that epinephrine signals

Back 14

Elevation of cytosolic concentration of cyclic AMP

Front 15

Which of the following would be inhibited by a drug that specifically blocks the addition of phosphate groups to proteins?

Back 15

Receptor tyrosine kinase activity

Front 16

Adenylyl cyclase has the opposite effect on which of the following?

Back 16

Phosphodiesterase

Front 17

Caffine is an inhibitor oh phosphodiesterase. Therefore, the cells of a person who has recently consumed coffee would have increased levels of?

Back 17

cAMP

Front 18

If a pharmaceutical company wished to design a drug to maintain low blood sugar levels, one approach might be to design a compound

Back 18

To block G protein activity in liver cells

Front 19

An inhibitor of which of the following could be used to block the release of calcium from the ER

Back 19

Phospholipase C

Front 20

What explains the increased concentration of Ca++ in the ER?

Back 20

Calcium ions are actively imported from the cytoplasm into the ER

Front 21

In which of the following ways could signal transduction most probably be explored in research to treat cancer?

Back 21

Alteration of protein kinases in cell cycle regulation in order to slow cancer growth

Front 22

What are scaffolding proteins?

Back 22

Large molecules to which several relay proteins attach to facilitate cascade effects

Front 23

The termination phase of cell signaling requires which of the following?

Back 23

Incompatibility of the binding of the signal molecule to the receptor

Front 24

Which of the following describes the events of apoptosis?

Back 24

Its DNA and organelles are fragmented, the cell shrinks and forms blebs, and the cell self-digests.

Front 25

In research on aging (both cellular aging and organismal aging), it has been found that aged cells do not progress through the cell cycle as they had previously. Which of the following would provide evidence that this related to cell signaling?

Back 25

Growth factor ligands do not bind as afficiently to receptors

Front 26

Where do apoptotic signals come from?

Back 26

All of the above

Front 27

Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the figure?

Back 27

synaptic

Front 28

In the figure, the dots in the space between the two structures represent which of the following?

Back 28

Neurotransmitters

Front 29

The description above illustrates which of the following?

Back 29

Just because a drug acts on one type of receptor does not mean that it will act on another type.

Front 30

The use of beta 2 antagonist drugs may be useful in asthma because they may

Back 30

dilate the bronchioles by relaxing their smooth muscle.

Front 31

Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except

Back 31

activation of G protein-coupled receptors

Front 32

Which of the following is a likely explanation of why natural selection favored the evolution of signals for sexual reproduction?

Back 32

Even in the simplest organisms, sexual reproduction required several coordinated responses by cells