Anth203 Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Front 1

abnormal hemoglobin

Back 1

Hemoglobin altered so that it is less efficient in binding to and carrying oxygen

Front 2

admixture

Back 2

The exchange of genetic material between two or more populations

Front 3

balanced polymorphism

Back 3

Situation in which selection maintains two or more phenotypes for a specific gene in a population

Front 4

capillaries

Back 4

Small blood vessels between the terminal ends of arteries and the veins

Front 5

deme

Back 5

A local population of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring

Front 6

demic diffusion

Back 6

A population's movement into an area previously uninhabited by that group

Front 7

directional selection

Back 7

Selection for one allele over the other alleles, causing the allele frequencies to shift in one direction

Front 8

disruptive selection

Back 8

Selection for both extremes of the phenotypic distribution; may eventually lead to a speciation event

Front 9

endogamous

Back 9

Refers to a population in which individuals breed only with other members of the population

Front 10

equilibrium

Back 10

A condition in which the system is stable, balanced, and unchanging

Front 11

exogamous

Back 11

Refers to a population in which individuals breed only with nonmembers of their population

Front 12

fitness

Back 12

Average number of offspring produced by parents with a particular genotype compared to the number of offspring produced by parents with another genotype

Front 13

founder effect

Back 13

The accumulation of random genetic changes in a small population that has become isolated from the parent population due to the genetic input of only a few colonizers

Front 14

frameshift mutation

Back 14

The change in a gene due to the insertion or deletion of one or more nitrogen bases, which causes the subsequent triplets to be arranged and the codons to be read incorrectly during translation

Front 15

gene pool

Back 15

All the genetic information in the breeding population

Front 16

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Back 16

An enzyme that aids in the proper functioning of red blood cells; its deficiency, a genetic condition, leads to hemolytic anemia

Front 17

Hardy-Weinburg law of equilibrium

Back 17

A mathematical model in population genetics that reflects the relationship between frequencies of alleles and of genotypes; it can be used to determine whether a population is undergoing evolutionary changes

Front 18

hemoglobinopathies

Back 18

A group of related genetic blood diseases characterized by abnormal hemoglobin

Front 19

hemolytic anemias

Back 19

Conditions of insufficient iron in blood due to the destruction of red blood cells resulting from genetic blood diseases, toxins, or infectious pathogens

Front 20

Huntington's chorea

Back 20

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Front 21

induced mutations

Back 21

.

Front 22

Klinefetter's syndrome

Back 22

.

Front 23

macroevolution

Back 23

.

Front 24

melanic

Back 24

.

Front 25

microevolution

Back 25

.

Front 26

mutagens

Back 26

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Front 27

nonmelanic

Back 27

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Front 28

nonsynonymous point mutation

Back 28

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Front 29

point mutations

Back 29

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Front 30

positive selection

Back 30

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Front 31

reproductive isolation

Back 31

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Front 32

sickle-cell anemia

Back 32

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Front 33

spontaneous mutations

Back 33

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Front 34

stabilizing selection

Back 34

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Front 35

synonymous point mutation

Back 35

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Front 36

thalessemia

Back 36

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Front 37

transposable elements

Back 37

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Front 38

anthropogenic

Back 38

Refers to any effect caused by humans