Ant Pit Hormones

Front 1

which hormone makes up most of the anterior pituitary?

Back 1

GH

Front 2

stimulators of growth hormone

Back 2

ghrelin
opioids
alpha-adrenergic
protein load
hypoglycemia
sleep
stress

Front 3

inhibitors of growth hormone

Back 3

glucose load
fatty acids
somatostatin
beta-adrenergic

Front 4

mechanism of GH signaling

Back 4

1. GHR dimerizes
2. recruits JAK2
3. JAK2 phos. GHR
4. recruit STAT5b
5. JAK2 phos STAT5b
6. STAT5b moves to nucleus
7. STAT5b binds IGF-1 promoter

Front 5

GH excess before closure of epiphysis is called what

Back 5

gigantism

Front 6

most common isolated ant pit deficiency

Back 6

GH

Front 7

GHR mutations
Dwarfs

conditions?

Back 7

Laron syndrome

Front 8

GH effect on carbohydrates

Back 8

^ circulating glucose
- reduce uptake in peripheral tissues
- ^ neogenesis in liver

Front 9

GH effect on lipids

Back 9

^ lipolysis in adipocytes

Front 10

glucose intolerance
hyperinsulinemia

what is the defect?

Back 10

GH secreting tumor

Front 11

short and chubby

Back 11

GH deficiency

Front 12

how does GH mediate its effects?

Back 12

directly: glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia (tumor)
indirectly: IGF-1

Front 13

which substance circulates bound to a carrier protein

Back 13

IGF-1 to IGFBP

Front 14

effect of IGF-1 on GH action?

Back 14

oppose (feedback)

Front 15

what substances are used in GH stimulation testing to detect GH deficiency

Back 15

arginine (aa)
clonidine (a adrenergic)

Front 16

what is somatotropin used for?

contraindication?

Back 16

treat GH deficiency

active malignancy, ICU

Front 17

when would you use IGF-1 instead of GH to treat short stature?

Back 17

laron syndrome
primary IGF-1 deficiency
GH antibodies

Front 18

Mecasermin

what is it?

complication?

Back 18

recombinant IGF-1

hypoglycemia & lipohypertrophy (insulin effects)

Front 19

acromegaly/gigantism

causes?

Back 19

somatostatin
GH antagonist
dopamine agonist

Front 20

which somatostain analog do you use?

what does it do?

Back 20

octreotide over regular somatostatin (useless clinically)

acts DIRECTLY on somatotroph to inhibit GH release
- also inhibits TSH release

Front 21

what does Pegvisomant do?

when is it used?

Back 21

binds GH receptor w/o activation (antagonist)

when pt fails surgery/somatostatin

Front 22

which two hormones are in the same cytokine receptor family?

what is their mechanism?

Back 22

GH & Prolactin

JAK2/STAT5

Front 23

PRL secretion stimulators?

Back 23

estrogen
suckling
TRH

Front 24

besides a tumor, what 2 other things can cause elevated PRL

Back 24

1. primary hypothyroidism (leads to elevated TRH, which ^ PRL)
- "hormone spillover"

2. antipsychotic drugs (dopamine antagonists)

Front 25

what shares an a-subunit w/ TSH?

Back 25

LH
FSH

Front 26

what type of receptors do LH, FSH, hCG have?

Back 26

G-protein

Front 27

what does hCG do?

Back 27

1. progesterone production by corpus luteum

2. testosterone production by Leydig cells

3. Pregnancy tests

Front 28

FH function
Males

active in which type of cells?
feedback substance?

Back 28

Sertoli

spermatogenesis/differentiation

Inhibin reduces FSH release

Front 29

LH function
males

active in which type of cells?

Back 29

Leydig

Testosterone production

feeds back to reduce LH secretion

Front 30

FSH
females

cells?
function?

Back 30

granulosa
stimulates aromatase to convert theca to androgens to estrogen

Front 31

what happens in Theca cells?

Back 31

1. LH stimulates synthesis of androgens
2. FSH stimulates aromataseto convert androgens to estrogens

Front 32

What happens in the corpus luteum?

Back 32

Granulosa-lutein cells synthesize both estrogen and progesterone

Front 33

what processes does GnRH control?

Back 33

puberty onset
mentraul cycle

Front 34

diagnostic use of LH?

Back 34

look for surge
= optimal fertility

Front 35

failure of normal testes descent

cause?
tx?

Back 35

prenatal androgen deficiency
tx: hCG

Crytochordism

Front 36

effect of prolonged stimulation of GnRH agonists?

Back 36

Desensitization
- GnRH receptor down-regulation
- decreased GnRH secretion

Front 37

effects of Leuprolide?

Back 37

suppress puberty
maximize adult height

synthetic GnRH agonist
(down regulates LH and FSH secretion = reduction in estrogen)

Front 38

woman wants to get pregnant?

approach?

Back 38

1. exogenous gonadotrophins ^ maturation of follicles and sperm

2. use GnRH receptor agonists & antagonists to shut down endogenous gonadotropins (better control w/ exogenous ones)

Front 39

large growth but not pituitary thyroid tumor

Back 39

primary hypothyrodism
(thyrotrophs hypertrophy)

Front 40

what do you use to monitor thyroid cancer?

Back 40

thyrotropin

Front 41

what do you use to diagnose adrenal insufficiency (primary & secondary)

Back 41

Cortrosyn

Front 42

microphallus
hypoglycemia
mid-face hypoplasia

condition?

Back 42

EMERGENCY

congenital Panhypopituitism