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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dN/dt = r(K-N/K)
Logistic Growth |
Population growth which is limited by the environment and exhibits a sigmoidal or S-Shaped growth curve.
r = intrinsic rate of increase N= current population size r decreases, as N increases |
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K (Carrying Capacity)
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Maximum number of individuals that can be supported in a given environment.
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Lag Phase
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Region of curve when population is small and growth is slow.
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Growth Phase
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Region of curve where growth accelerates and begins to resemble exponential growth.
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Environmental Resistance
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region of graph where growth begins to slow as it approaches the carrying capacity.
N/K= environmental resistance |
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Density Independent Factors
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Abiotic factors which act upon population size such as floods, geologica events, snowfall precipitation, temperature (independent of population size)
Less predictable in their effects |
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Density Dependent Factors
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Biotic factors which act upon population size such as:
Density dependent mortality Density dependent fecundity Disease and Competition |
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Social Behaviors
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May function to limit population size through a variety of mechanisms.
May limit breeding to a few select members (Dominance) May limit the number of individuals within a given areas May encourage individuals to emigrate into new areas in search of new territory or mates |
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Eusociality
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HIghly complex level of social behavior (prides, packs, colonies etc)
Individuals of more than one generation live together Cooperative care of the young Division of individuals into reproductive and non-reproductive castes. |
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Inclusive Fitness
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The total fitness of an individual and the fitness of its relatives.
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Kin selection
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Differential reproduction among closely related individuals based on genetic variation in social behavior.
Alternatively, the evolutionary force which favors altruism. |
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Altruism
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A form of behavior in which an individual increases the welfare of another at the expense of its own welfare (self-sacrificing behavior)
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Dispersion (Emigration)
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Provides a means of reducing intraspecific competition
Dispersal can be permanent (individuals do not return) Dispersal can also be annual or seasonal (migration) |
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Migration
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Annual migrations reduce competition for food and mates in many species (especially during breeding seasons)
Annual migrations of large ungulates such as elk and caribou Annual migrations of many avian species such as geese, swallows, and cranes Annual migration of many aquatic species such as the grey whale and the humpback whale |
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Home Range
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The area which an organism utilizes
Larger organisms require larger home ranges Carnivores require larger ranges than herbivores |
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Territory
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That part of the home range which is actively defended by an organism
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