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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two layers of the pericardium?
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serous and fibrous
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What is another name for the epicardium?
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visceral layer of serous pericardium
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What is the pericardial cavity?
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area between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium that contains a thin film of pericardial fluid
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Name the ligament made up of fibrous pericardium that blends inferiorly with the central tendon of the diaphragm.
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pericardiacophrenic ligament
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Name the ligament made up of fibrous pericardium that blends anteriorly to the posterior surface of the diaphragm.
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sternopericardial ligament
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What holds the heart in position?
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fibrous pericardium
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Name the two pericardial sinuses.
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oblique pericardial sinus
transverse pericardial sinus |
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Identify the blood supply to the fibrous pericardium.
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pericardiophrenic artery from internal thoracic artery
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Identify the blood supply to the epicardium.
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coronary arteries
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What is pericarditis?
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inflammation of the pericardium, causes chest pain, makes the serous pericardium rough, causing friction
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What is a pericardial effusion?
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passage of fluid from pericardial capillaries into the pericardial cavity or an accumulation of pus; chronic, heart eventually becomes compressed
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What is a cardiac tamponade?
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heart compression caused by extensive pericardial effusion, limiting the amount of blood received by the heart; ACUTE
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Identify the 4 borders of the heart.
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3rd right costal cartilage
6th right costal cartilage 2nd left costal cartilage 5th left intercostal space |
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What is the right border of the heart?
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right atrium
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What is the left border of the heart?
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left ventricle
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What forms the inferior border of the heart?
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right ventricle
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What is the purpose of the cardiac skeleton?
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keep the orifices of all 4 valves open and prevent them from being distended, electrical insulator between atria and ventricles
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Name the 3 layers of the wall of the heart chambers.
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endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
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What is the function of the coronary sulcus (AV groove)?
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separate the atria from the ventricles
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Name the function of the interventricular grooves.
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separate right and left ventricles
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Where is the IV septum located?
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right ventricle
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What is the fossa ovalis?
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an oval depression located in the interatrial septum, remnant of the foramen ovale, ommunication between right and left atria
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Name the 3 features of the walls of the right atrium.
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pectinate muscles
sulcus terminalis crista terminalis |
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What is the function of the right auricle?
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To increase the capacity of the atrium.
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Where is trabeculae carneae found?
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right and left ventricles
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What is trabeculae carneae?
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muscular elevations which are larger and more irregular than pectinate muscles
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What are chordae tendineae?
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tendinous bands attached to the cusps of AV valve and papillary muscles, anchor the flaps of the valve to keep them down during systole
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What are papillary muscles?
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smaller conical muscular attachments, contract chordae tendineae when triggered by bundle of His
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What is the supraventricular crest?
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ridge between AV and pulmonary orifices, helps blood to stay as blood comes in
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What is the aortic vestibule?
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smooth area in region of aortic orifice in left ventricle leading into the ascending aorta
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Is the right or left ventricular wall thicker?
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Left
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What is another name for the right AV valve?
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tricuspid valve
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What is another name for the left AV valve?
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bicuspid (mitral) valve
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What is a mitral valve prolapse?
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incompetent valve: failure to close completely, results in regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts, murmur
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Name the 2 semilunar valves.
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pulmonary and aortic
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What is an end artery?
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an artery with insufficient anastomoses to maintain viability of the tissue supplied if occlusion occurs
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What is a myocardial infarction?
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sudden occlusion of a major artery by an embolus, region of myocardium becomes infracted and necrosis occurs, cause: artherosclerosis
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What is the source of the right coronary artery?
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right aortic sinus
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What does the right coronary artery supply?
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RIGHT ATRIUM, part of right and left ventricles and IV septum
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What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?
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right marginal artery
posterior IV artery |
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Where does the right marginal artery supply blood?
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right ventricle
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Where does the posterior IV artery supply blood?
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right and left ventricles, IV septum
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What is the source of the left coronary artery?
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left aortic sinus
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What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery?
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circumflex artery
anterior IV artery |
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Where does the circumflex artery travel?
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in AV groove to posterior aspect of the heart
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Where does the anterior IV artery travel?
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along anterior IV groove to apex of the heart
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Where does the circumflex artery supply blood?
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left atrium and left ventricle
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Where does the anterior IV artery supply blood?
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anterior wall of right and left ventricles, greater part of IV septum, apex
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What is the main vein of the heart?
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coronary sinus
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Where is the coronary sinus located?
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AV groove posteriorly
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What is the termination of the coronary sinus?
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right atrium
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Name the branches of the coronary sinus.
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great/middle/small cardiac vein, left posterior IV vein, left marginal vein, oblique vein of left atrium
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How much of the heart is drained by small veins that empty into the right atrium? Name?
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1/3rd
anterior cardiac vein, smallest cardiac vein (thebesian vein/venae cordis minimae) |
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Identify 2 other names for the smallest cardiac vein.
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venae cordis minimae
thebesian vein |
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Where do the lymphatic vessels in the myocardium and subendocardial connective tissue drain?
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subepicardial lymphatic plexus
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How many lymphatic vessels ascend between the pulmonary trunk and the left atrium and end in the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes?
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one
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Name the 6 components of the intrinsic conducting system of the heart.
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SA node, AV node, internodal pathways, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, moderator band
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Where is the SA node located?
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deep to epicardium at upper end of sulcus terminalis (right atrium)
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What artery predominantly supplies the SA node and AV node?
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right coronary artery
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What is the function of the SA node?
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pacemaker: initiates impulses for contraction
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Where is Bachmann's bundle located?
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anterior internodal pathway, courses to left atrium
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Where is the AV node located?
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interatrial septum just above coronary sinus orifice (posterior wall of right atrium)
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Where is the moderator band located?
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right ventricle
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What is another name for the moderator band?
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septomarginal trabecula
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What is the function of the moderator band?
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receive impulses from right bundle branch and transmits impulses to anterior papillary muscles
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What is the extrinsic conducting system of the heart and what are its 2 components?
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cardiac plexus:
-parasympathetic -sympathetic |
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What supplies the parasympathetic innervation to the cardiac plexus?
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vagus nerve
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What supplies the sympathetic innervation to the cardiac plexus?
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sympathetic trunk
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What are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation?
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slows heart rate, reduces force of contraction, vasoconstricts coronary arteries
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What are the effects of sympathetic stimulation?
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increases heart rate, impulse conduction, and force of contraction
vasodilates coronary arteries |
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What is the common destination of venous blood from the SVC, IVC, coronary sinuses, and small veins of the heart?
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right atrium
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Detail the first 6 components of blood flow through the heart.
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right atrium- right AV valve- right ventricle- pulmonary valve- pulmonary trunk- pulmonary arteries (2)
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Detail the last 6 components of blood flow through the heart.
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lungs- pulmonary veins (4)- left atrium- left AV valve- left ventricle- aorta
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