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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine system |
Ductless glands with endocrine tissues within other organs Secret hormones into blood Act on target cells |
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Hormones classes |
1. Steroids - from cholesterol (Testosterone, vitamin D) 2. Hormones derived from amino acids 3. Peptides and protein hormones |
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Hormones derived from tyrosine |
1. Thyroxine/T4 (Lipid soluble controls cellular metabolism, growth, development) 2. Epinephrine and norepinephrine (Adrenal medulla hormones, short term stress/flight or fight) |
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Peptides and proteins hormones |
Chains of amino acids held together by peptide bones Water soluble E.g. oxytocin, ADH, GH, insulin |
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Pituitary gland |
Suspended from hypothalamus Lies in sella Lucia of sphenoid bone 2 lobs (anterior and posterior |
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Anterior pituitary |
Epithelial tissue Regulated by hypothalamus Produces metabolism and reproduction hormones |
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Metabolism hormones released by anterior pituitary |
1. Growth hormone 2. Thyroid stimulating hormone 3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormon (Stimulates secretion of adrenal steroids) |
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Reproduction hormones from anterior pituitary |
1. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 2. Follicle stimulating Hormon 3. Prolactin (stimulate milk formation) |
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Posterior pituitary |
Nervous tissue Extension of hypothalamus Secret and store Hormones from hypothalamus |
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Hormones secrete/stored from posterior pituitary |
1.Oxytocin (stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection) 2. Antidiuretic hormone (water reabsorption in the kidney) |
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Thyroid gland |
On anterior surface of superior part of trachea Butterfly shape |
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Thyroid gland histology |
1. Follicles -wall=epithelial cells - produce T4 2. Parafollicular cells -between follicles -secret calcitonin |
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Calcitonin |
Increase Ca uptake into bone (increase bone growth) Lowers Ca in blood |
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Parathyroid gland |
4 glands embedded in posterior thyroid Secret parathyroid hormone |
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Parathyroid hormone |
1. Increase Ca released from bone (Activates osteoclasts) 2. Decress Ca loss in urine 3.increase Vit. D activation (Vit. D increases Ca absorption at the small intestine) |
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Adrenal glands 2 main parts |
Superior surface of each kidney 1. Adrenal cortex (epithelial tissue & secret steroids ONLY) 2. adrenal medulla (nervous tissue) |
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Adrenal cortext 3 layers |
1. Zona glomerulus - secrets minalocoricoids (salt balance)
2. Zona fasciculate -secrets glucocorticoids (long term stress)
3. Zona reticularis - secrets androgens and small amount of testosterone (sex drive and converted to estrogen in fat) |
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Pancreatic islets of langerhans |
A cells - produce glucagon (increase blood glucose) B cells - produce insulin (decress blood glucose |
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Hypoyhalamus |
Regulates anterior pituitary via GH releasing hormone GH release inhibiting hormone GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone (LH, FSH) Synthesizes posterior pituitary hormones |
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Gonads hormones |
Leydig cells - testosterone Cells of 1° & 2° follicle - estrogen Corpus lutein - estrogen and progesterone |
