Anatomy Exam 3, Lecture 1

Front 1

The entire skull is composed of two parts. They are:

Back 1

The cranium and the mandible (lecture 1)

Front 2

Where is the nose at in your skull?

Back 2

In the Piriform recess (lecture 1)

Front 3

Where do your eyeballs reside?

Back 3

In the Orbits (lecture 1)

Front 4

Cheekbones are really called the:

Back 4

Zygomatic arches (lecture 1)

Front 5

The cranium can be split into sections. What are they?

Back 5

The Neurocranium, the viscerocranium, and the cavarium (lecture 1)

Front 6

What is the purpose of the neurocranium?

Back 6

To protect the brain. It is made of flat rounded arch bones (lecture 1)

Front 7

Where is the Calvarium located?

Back 7

It is the cap of the cranium (lecture 1)

Front 8

The viscerocranium is also known as the:

Back 8

Facial skeleton (facial skull) (lecture 1)

Front 9

What does the viscerocranium do?

Back 9

It protects the other organs of the head (besides the brain) (lecture 1)

Front 10

The internal and external cranial base both have their own unique anatomy, true or false?

Back 10

True (lecture 1)

Front 11

Cranial nerve I (CN I) is which nerve?

Back 11

The olfactory nerve (lecture 1)

Front 12

Cranial nerve II (CN II) is the:

Back 12

Optic nerve (lecture 1)

Front 13

Cranial nerve III (CNIII) is the:

Back 13

Oculomotor nerve (lecture 1)

Front 14

Cranial nerve IV (CN IV) is the:

Back 14

Trochlear nerve (lecture 1)

Front 15

Cranial nerve V (CN V) is the:

Back 15

Trigeminal nerve (lecture 1)

Front 16

Cranial nerve VI (CN VI) is the:

Back 16

Abducens nerve (lecture 1)

Front 17

Cranial nerve VII (CN VII) is the:

Back 17

Facial nerve (lecture 1)

Front 18

Cranial nerve VIII (CN VIII) is the:

Back 18

Vestibulocochlear nerve (lecture 1)

Front 19

Cranial nerve IX (CN IX) is the

Back 19

Glossopharyngeal nerve (lecture 1)

Front 20

Cranial nerve X (CN X) is the:

Back 20

Vagus nerve (lecture 1)

Front 21

Cranial nerve XI (CN XI) is the:

Back 21

Spinal accessory nerve (lecture 1)

Front 22

Cranial nerve XII (CN XII) is the

Back 22

Hypoglossal nerve

Front 23

What does the oculomotor nerve do?

Back 23

Provides motor function to the occulus - moves eyeball around (lecture 1)

Front 24

The brain has a stair stepped profile from the lateral view and is composed of three fossae. What are they?

Back 24

Anterior fossa, middle fossa, and posterior fossa (lecture 1)

Front 25

The internal cranial base has three major divisions called the:

Back 25

Cranial fossae (lecture 1)

Anterior, middle, and posterior

Front 26

Which bones are found in the anterior cranial fossa?

Back 26

-frontal bone
-ethmoid bone
-lesser wings of sphenoid bone (lecture 1)

Front 27

What non-bony features does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

Back 27

Frontal lobes of brain, olfactory tract, and olfactory bulb (lecture 1)

Front 28

The anterior cranial fossa has one set of openings. What are they?

Back 28

The foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (lecture 1)

Front 29

What goes through the foramina of the cribriform plate?

Back 29

the olfactory nerve goes through into the nose (lecture 1)

Front 30

What are the bones that are found in the Middle Cranial fossa?

Back 30

-The greater wings of the Sphenoid bone
-The sella turcica,
-posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone,
-The temporal bone (the squamous and petrous) (lecture 1)

Front 31

What does Petrous mean?
What does Squamous mean?

Back 31

Petrous- rock

Squamous- flat

(lecture 1)

Front 32

What sits in the sella turcica?

Back 32

The pituitary gland (lecture 1)

Front 33

What are the openings found in the middle cranial fossa?

Back 33

-Optic canal
-Superior orbital fissure
-Foramen rotundum
-Formamen Ovale
-Foramen Spinosum
-Carotid Canal
-Foramen Lacerum
(lecture 1)

Front 34

The Optic canal takes you into the _________ from the cranium

Back 34

Orbit (lecture 1)

Front 35

The Carotid canal is located:

Back 35

In the middle cranial fossa on the sides of the sella turcica (lecture 1)

Front 36

What bones are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

Back 36

-Occipital
-Temporal (Petrous and mastoid)
(lecture 1)

Front 37

The middle and inner ear are found in what part of the temporal bone?

Back 37

The petrous part (lecture 1)

Front 38

The inner ear houses the ________ _________ system, which is important for balance

Back 38

Vestibular system (lecture 1)

Front 39

What part of the brain does the posterior cranial fossa contain?

Back 39

The cerebellum and the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla) (lecture 1)

Front 40

What part of the brain does the middle cranial fossa contain?

Back 40

The temporal and occipital lobes, and the pituitary gland (lecture 1)

Front 41

What are the openings found in the posterior cranial fossa?

Back 41

Internal openings:
-Internal acoustic meatus
-Jugular foramen
-Hypoglossal canal
-Foramen Magnum

External openings:
-Stylomastoid foramen
-External acoustic meatus (lecture 1)

Front 42

What is located on either side of the foramen magnum (on wall)

Back 42

Hypoglossal canal (lecture 1)

Front 43

The external cranial base is made up of what three bones?

Back 43

The Sphenoid, the temporal, and the occipital bones (lecture 1)

Front 44

What do you have entering and exiting the external cranial base?

Back 44

Cranial nerves exit here and major cranial vessels enter here (lecture 1)

Front 45

Does the external cranial base include the maxilla?

Back 45

No, just all of the complex processes and foramena

Front 46

What does Pterygoid mean?

Back 46

Wings (lecture 1)

Front 47

What is found on the external cranial base as part of the sphenoid bone?

Back 47

-Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
-Foramen ovale
-Foramen Spinosum
(lecture 1)

Front 48

What are the features that you find on the temporal bone of the external cranial base? (8)

Back 48

-Articular eminence
-Mandibular Fossa
-External Acoustic Meatus
-Styloid process
-Mastoid Process
-Carotid Canal
-Stylomastoid Foramen
-Jugular fossa (lecture 1)

Front 49

Where does your mandible articulate with your skull?

Back 49

The mandibular fossa (lecture 1)

Front 50

Just anterior to the mandibular fossa is the:

What does it look like?

Back 50

Articular eminence

It is just a raised ridge (lecture 1)

Front 51

What is the articular eminence for?

Back 51

So that your jaw does not dislocate anteriorly, and it allows you to open your mouth wide (lecture 1)

Front 52

When people dislocate their jaws, do they usually do so anteriorly or posteriorly?

Back 52

Posteriorly (like if they get punched) (lecture 1)

Front 53

What is the bony tube going to your middle ear?

Back 53

The external acoustic meatus (lecture 1)

Front 54

What is found between the styloid process and the mastoid process?

Back 54

The stylomastoid foramen (lecture 1)

Front 55

Where does the internal carotid artery travel?

Back 55

through the carotid canal (lecture 1)

Front 56

Why is the Jugular fossa called the Jugular fossa?

Back 56

Because there are going to be structures in that little scooped out area like ganglia on the rim of the jugular foramen (lecture 1)

Front 57

What are the features you find on the occipital bone of the external cranial base?

Back 57

-Occipital condyle
-Hypoglossal canal
-Foramen Magnum
(lecture 1)

Front 58

Where does the cranium articulate with the atlas (the first cervical vertebra)

Back 58

The occipital condyles (lecture 1)

Front 59

The Cranial nerves are in three different categories. they are:

Back 59

Motor, sensory, and mixed (lecture 1)

Front 60

Are cranial nerves part of the central nervous system (CNS) or the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Back 60

The PNS (lecture 1)

Front 61

Different nerve fibers (functional components) can be found in different branches of the same cranial nerve, true or false

Back 61

true (lecture 1)

Front 62

What does it mean to say nerve fibers can hitchhike?

Back 62

They can jump on and off cranial nerves (lecture 1)

Front 63

There are __#___ cranial nerves and they are identified by:

Back 63

12 CN
Roman numerals and by name (lecture 1)

Front 64

In terms of the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetics comprise the _________ ________ in cranial nerves

Back 64

Visceral motor (lecture 1)

Front 65

Are the sympathetics found in a cranial nerve?

Back 65

No (lecture 1)

Front 66

Why are cranial nerves named as such?

Back 66

Because they exit the cranium. Cranial nerves are nerves that are going to exit the cranium (lecture 1)

Front 67

Nerves are comprised of all these different _______ ________ that are held inside a(n) ____________

Back 67

-Nerve fibers
-Epineurium
(lecture 1)

Front 68

What type of nerve fibers are found within the epineurium?

Back 68

Somatic sensory, somatic motor, Visceral afferent (sensory) and visceral motor (efferent) (lecture 1)

Front 69

Why do you have "hitchhiking" cranial nerves?

Back 69

Because sometimes you have a nerve fibers from one cranial nerve that needs to go somewhere that it doesn't normally need to go, so it sends fibers that attaches onto another cranial nerve and goes to the place that that cranial nerve might want to go (like taking a bus) (lecture 1)

Front 70

What are ganglia?

Back 70

Collection of cell bodies outside of the central nervous system (CNS) (lecture 1)

Front 71

The ANS (autonomic nervous system) is a ___#___ neuron system

Back 71

two (lecture 1)

Front 72

What occurs in the ANS 2 neuron system?

Back 72

A neuron within the CNS is going to send out a neuron into the PNS and it will synapse on a ganglion outside in the PNS and will then send its post ganglionic fiber out to the structures such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, etc (lecture 1)

Front 73

What are the different types of functional components?

Back 73

Two sensory and two motor:

Sensory:
-Somatic sensory (SA)
-Visceral afferent (VA)

Motor:
Somatic Motor (SM)
Visceral Motor (VM)

Front 74

Parasympathetics turn the functions ______(on or off)

Back 74

on (lecture 1)

Front 75

What are the purely sensory nerves?

Back 75

CN I- Olfactory N
CN II- Optic N
CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear N
(lecture 1)

Front 76

What are the purely motor nerves?

Back 76

CN III- Oculomotor
CN IV- Trochlear
CN VI- Abducens
CN XI- Accessory
CN XII- Hypoglossal
(lecture 1)

Front 77

What are the mixed cranial nerves (both sensory and motor)?

Back 77

CN V- Trigeminal
CN VII- Facial
CN IX- Glossopharyngeal
CN X- Vagus
(lecture 1)

Front 78

Cranial nerves have parasympathetics in them and some of them are associated directly with ganglia. Which three are they?

Back 78

CN III- oculomotor
CN VII- facial
CN IX- glossopharyngeal
(lecture 1)

Front 79

The Vagus nerve have a parasympathetic ganglia, true or false?

Back 79

False, the vagus nerve has no parasympathetic ganglia. (lecture 1)

Front 80

The Oculomotor CN (CN III) is associated with which ganglion?

Back 80

Ciliary (lecture 1)

Front 81

The facial CN (CN VII) is associated with which ganglia?

Back 81

Submandibular and pterygopalatine (lecture 1)

Front 82

The Glossopharyngeal CN (CN IX) is associated with which ganglion?

Back 82

Otic
(lecture 1)

Front 83

What is the pneumonic to remember which cranial nerve is associated with which parasympathetic ganglia?

Back 83

397-COPS
(lecture 1)

Front 84

When you are talking about somatic motor you are talking about ___________ muscle

Back 84

skeletal
(lecture 1)

Front 85

Visceral motor goes to:

Back 85

Glands (such is salivary glands), cardiac mm, mucosa of your nose (so when your nose gets stuffy and it becomes engorged) (lecture 1)

Front 86

In CN VII (The facial nerve) you have _________1_ ___1______ to muscles of facial expression, but also ____2_____ ____2______ innervation to salivary glands under the tongue

Back 86

1. Somatic Motor

2. Visceral Motor
(lecture 1)

Front 87

Somatic Afferent does:

Back 87

Touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (lecture 1)

Front 88

Visceral sensory in head and neck covers a lot. For instance:

Back 88

Sensation from the salivary glands (for example, mumps), carotid body and sinus, pharynx, middle ear, larynx, bronchi, heart, esophagus, intestine.
(lecture 1)

Front 89

What is mumps? What type of pain is this?

Back 89

When your parotid gland becomes inflamed and hurts really badly. This is visceral afferent pain. (lecture 1)

Front 90

What are the functions for Visceral afferent?

Back 90

Smell and taste (lecture 1)

Front 91

Taste and smell are:

Back 91

chemoreception (lecture 1)

Front 92

Skin of the head, nasal, sinus, and oral mucosa, cornea, teeth, sensation (not taste) to tongue, dura mater, and skin of ear are all _______________ Afferent (somatic or visceral)

Back 92

somatic (lecture 1)

Front 93

Vision, hearing, and balance are part of ___________ afferent.

Back 93

Somatic
(lecture 1)

Front 94

Pain = 1
Basic sensation = 2

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

Back 94

1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic
(lecture 1)

Front 95

CN III (Oculomotor) has both __1_____ and ____1___ motor

Back 95

1. Somatic and visceral (lecture 1)

Front 96

The oculomotor nerve (CNIII) is going to bring ___1____ Motor innervation to the extraocular eye muscles (the muscles that move the eyeball around in the orbit)

Back 96

1. somatic
(lecture 1)

Front 97

The Oculomotor nerve (CN III) brings somatic motor innervation to which muscles?

Back 97

-Superior rectus

-inferior rectus

-medial rectus

-inferior oblique

-levator palpebrae superioris
(lecture 1)

Front 98

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) brings visceral motor innervation to:

Back 98

- Pupillary sphincter
-Ciliary muscle (via ciliary ganglion) (lecture 1)

Front 99

The muscles that close your pupil and stretch and shrink your lens for accommodation, for focus, are mediated by:

Back 99

Visceral motor fibers of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) (lecture 1)

Front 100

Which Cranial nerve(s) enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure? Which bone is this part of?

Back 100

CNs III,IV,V(1) and VI

-oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal (first part) and Abducens
(lecture 1)

Sphenoid

Front 101

Trochlear nerve is a purely motor nerve. Does it have somatic motor, visceral motor, or both?

Back 101

It only has somatic motor
(lecture 1)

Front 102

the trochlear nerve is a single nerve that innervates the _________ ____________. The action of this muscle is to:

Back 102

Superior oblique.

Depresses the eye when looking straight ahead or medially (lecture 1)

Front 103

Why is it called a trochlear nerve?

Back 103

Because it makes a little loop around the superior oblique and acts as a pulley (lecture 1)

Front 104

CN VI, the ____________, enters through the __________________ into the orbit from the internal cranium

Back 104

1. Abducens
2. Superior orbital fissure (lecture 1)

Front 105

Where is the abducens nerve (CN VI) located?

Back 105

On the pons (lecture 1)

Front 106

Which cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve?

Back 106

The abducens (CN VI) (lecture 1)

Front 107

What does CN VI (abducens) innervate? What is the action of this muscle?

Back 107

It innervates the lateral rectus, which is the muscle that moves the eyeball laterally
(lecture 1)

Front 108

The abducens (CN VI) has the longest intracranial course of any cranial nerve.

Why is this important clinically?

Back 108

Because it goes right across the floor of the cranial base as its getting to its target, and in the case of head trauma, (ex-car accident), you may see that this nerve is compromised and so they have an eyeball that floats towards their nose because their lateral rectus no longer functions without its innervation, and the lateral rectus moves the eyeball laterally. (lecture 1)

Front 109

The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) is a purely _______ motor nerve

Back 109

Somatic

(lecture 1)

Front 110

The CN XI (accessory nerve) somatically innervates which muscles?

Back 110

The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius (lecture 1)

Front 111

Cervical spinal nerves C1-5 send a branch up through the __1______ ______1___ and they are going to exit the __2________ ______2____ in the case of the accessory nerve (CN XI)

Back 111

1. Foramen magnum
2. Jugular foramen
(lecture 1)

Front 112

If you were to have a lesion to the accessory nerve (CN XI), unilaterally what is the first thing you see? What occurs contralaterally?

Back 112

Unilaterally the person is unable to shrug their shoulders, and contralaterally the person has difficulty in turning their head (to the contralateral side) (sternocleidomastoid)

(lecture 1)

Front 113

CN XI (accessory nerve) exits with which other nerves through the _______ _________

Back 113

Exits with X (vagus) and IX (glossopharyngeal) through the jugular foramen

(lecture 1)

Front 114

If you have a tumor in the jugular foramen, this is called a ___________________________________.

What occurs?

Back 114

Jugular foramen Syndrome

It can compromise CN IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (accessory), because they all exit through the jugular foramen, and considering everything these nerves do, it is a very serious concern

(lecture 1)

Front 115

Which bones comprise the jugular foramen?

Back 115

The temporal and occipital bone
(lecture 1)

Front 116

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is a purely _________ nerve. Does it do somatic, visceral, or both?

Back 116

Motor

Somatic

(lecture 1)

Front 117

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides somatic motor innervation to:

Back 117

All of the tongue muscles except for one (the palatoglossus)

(lecture 1)

Front 118

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) goes through which foramen?
Where is that located?

Back 118

It goes through the hypoglossal canal, which is in the occipital bone outside your jugular foramen.
(lecture 1)

Front 119

We have nerves in the PNS and _______ in the CNS

Back 119

Tracts
(lecture 1)

Front 120

The olfactory nerve (CN I) go through the _________ _________

Back 120

Cribriform plate
(lecture 1)

Front 121

On the brain, the olfactory nerve is in the _________ ________

Back 121

olfactory tracts
(lecture 1)

Front 122

The olfactory nerve is a purely sensory nerve that does __________ (visceral or somatic) innervation

Back 122

Visceral
(lecture 1)

Front 123

If you have any sort of breakage in the cribriform plate, what won't function?

What does this cause?

Back 123

The olfactory nerve

Anosmia- loss of olfaction (smell)

(lecture 1)

Front 124

What is a loss of olfaction called?

Back 124

Anosmia
(lecture 1)

Front 125

The olfactory nerve is visceral afferent (innervations) because it is:

Back 125

Chemoreception
(lecture 1)

Front 126

CN II, the optic nerve, gives _________ _________ innervation

Back 126

Somatic afferent
(lecture 1)

Front 127

The optic nerve, CN II, is not chemoreception, it is _______ reception

Back 127

light (for the retina)

(lecture 1)

Front 128

There is a part where the optic nerves cross. What is this called?

Back 128

The optic chiasm
(lecture 1)

Front 129

Developmentally, the eyeball is just an outgrowth of:

Back 129

your brain (lecture 1)

Front 130

as the nerve fibers cross at the optic chiasm, they become the ________ __________, which means you are definitely within the:

Back 130

Optic tract

CNS
(lecture 1)

Front 131

Optic nerves enter the middle cranial fossa via the _______ ________. Which bone is this?

Back 131

Optic canal

Sphenoid bone
(lecture 1)

Front 132

What type of nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?

Back 132

Somatic afferent
(lecture 1)

Front 133

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN XIII) exits the cranium via the:

Back 133

internal acoustic meatus

(lecture 1)

Front 134

If you have a lesion to the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), you would lose:

Back 134

hearing and balance on the same side
(lecture 1)

Front 135

In the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), the vestibular apparatus function is ___1_________ while the cochlea function is ______2______

Back 135

1. Balance

2. Hearing

(lecture 1)

Front 136

The vestibular N and Cochlear N are both parts of the _______________, which is CN _____

Back 136

vestibulocochlear N

CN VIII

(lecture 1)

Front 137

the Vestibular apparatus and the cochlea lie within the _______1_ _________ of the _____2_____ bone

Back 137

petrous portion

temporal bone

(lecture 1)

Front 138

The vestibularcochlear nerve enters the temporal bone through the _________1__________ along with the ____2_____ nerve.

Back 138

1. Internal acoustic meatus

2. facial nerve- CN VII
(lecture 1)

Front 139

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) does _______ innervation and has _________ branches

Back 139

Mixed

Three

Front 140

The trigeminal nerve is known as:

Back 140

The great sensory nerve of the head, so if you are guessing on sensory to the head and neck, always guess trigeminal
(lecture 1)

Front 141

What are the three major divisions of the trigeminal nerve called?

Back 141

V1- Ophthalmic Division
V2- Maxillary Division
V3- Mandibular Division

(lecture 1)

Front 142

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve are somatic sensory, and which are mixed?

Back 142

V1 and V2 are purely somatic sensory,
V3 is mixed.
(lecture 1)

Front 143

What is the main function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Back 143

It is the great sensory nerve of the head
(lecture 1)

Front 144

V3 of the trigeminal nerve is the __________ division. What type of innervation does it do?

Back 144

-Mandibular division

Somatic motor and somatic afferent.

(lecture 1)

Front 145

V3 of the trigeminal nerve does somatic motor innervation to which muscles?

Back 145

Muscles of mastication

(lecture 1)

Front 146

V3 of the trigeminal nerve does somatic afferent innervation to:

Back 146

Touch sensations
from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
mandibular teeth

(if you bite your tongue or pinch your lip)
(lecture 1)

Front 147

Do all of the divisions of the trigeminal nerve exit through the same foramen?

Back 147

No, V1, V2, and V3 all have their own foramen, their own entrance (sensory fibers) or exit (motor fibers).
(lecture 1)

Front 148

V1 of the trigeminal nerve enters the cranium via the:

Back 148

superior orbital fissure

(lecture 1)

Front 149

V2 of the trigeminal nerve enters the cranium via the:

Which bone is this on?

Back 149

Foramen rotundum

The sphenoid bone
(lecture 1)

Front 150

V3 of the trigeminal nerve is going to enter/exit via the:

Back 150

Foramen ovale
(lecture 1)

Front 151

What type of innervation does the facial nerve (CN VII) do?

Back 151

mixed

Somatic Motor
Visceral motor
Visceral afferent

(lecture 1)

Front 152

The facial nerve (CN VII) gives somatic motor innervation which which muscles?

Back 152

Muscles of facial expression (mimetic muscles)
-Stapedius
-Posterior digastric
-Stylohyoid

(lecture 1)

Front 153

Mimetics refers to:

Back 153

Mimes
(lecture 1)

Front 154

What is the smallest muscle in the body?

What is its job?

Back 154

The Stapedius

Its job is to dampen sound as it comes into your inner ear so that it isn't as incredibly loud
(lecture 1)

Front 155

What is the real job of the Mimetic muscles (muscles of facial expression)

Back 155

To protect --> sphincters to close off your face from the outside world- Close your eyes, mouth, etc.
(lecture 1)

Also facial expression

Front 156

CN VII, the facial nerve, gives visceral motor innervation to:

Back 156

lacrimal glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands
(lecture 1)

Front 157

The _____1______ nerve sends visceral motor innervation out to your lacrimal gland for _____2______

Back 157

1. Facial

2. Tearing

Front 158

How do you get taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

Back 158

Visceral afferent innervation from CN VII, the facial nerve. (lecture 1)

Front 159

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) leaves the cranium through the ________________ with which nerve?

Which bone is this?

Back 159

-Internal acoustic meatus

-with the vestibulcochlear nerve (CN VIII)

In the (Petrous) temporal bone

(lecture 1)

Front 160

The external portion (the muscular branch) of the facial nerve (CN VII) exits the skull through the:

Back 160

Stylomastoid foramen
(lecture 1)

Front 161

How can the facial nerve of newborns be crushed during birth when using forceps for deliver?

Back 161

Because newborns don't have the mastoid process (starts to develop as they lift their head) so the facial nerve isn't as protected (don't do forceps delivery anymore unless it is absolutely necessary)- people could be born with facial nerve paralysis

(lecture 1)

Front 162

Are the effects of Bells Palsy ipsilateral or contralateral?

Back 162

all effects are ipsilateral

(lecture 1)

Front 163

Bells palsy is a __________ nerve lesion

Back 163

Facial- CN VII

Front 164

If the facial nerve is lesioned very close to where it exits the brainstem, what could occur?

Back 164

-Sag, distortion (SM)
-absence of tears and saliva (VM)

-Impaired taste (VA)

-Ipsilateral loss of efferent limb of corneal reflex (SM)

-Hyperacusis (SM)
(lecture 1)

Front 165

What is the single muscle that CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) innervates?

Back 165

CN IX gives somatic motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus

Front 166

What does hyperacusis mean? Why could this happen in the case of a facial nerve (CNVII) lesion?

Back 166

It means you are very sensitive to loud noises, because the stapedius would no longer be innervated and that normally dampens the sound as it comes in
(lecture 1)

Front 167

What type of nerve is CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)? What type of innervation(s) does it do?

Back 167

Mixed

Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Somatic afferent
Visceral afferent

(lecture 1)

Front 168

Which nerves are involved with the taste of the tongue?

Back 168

CN VII (anterior 2/3) (facial) and CN IX (posterior 1/3) (glossopharyngeal)

(lecture 1)

Front 169

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) gives visceral motor innervation to:

Back 169

The parotid (salivary) gland

(lecture 1)

Front 170

What does the sensory afferent portion of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) do?

Back 170

general sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Front 171

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) brings back visceral afferent information from:

Back 171

-oropharynx
-middle ear
-auditory tube
-carotid sinus
-carotid body
-also does taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
(lecture 1)

(baroreception, chemoreception) T

Front 172

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) enters the skull through the _________________ of which bone(s)?

Back 172

Jugular foramen

Occipital bone and temporal bone

(lecture 1)

Front 173

When people have a glossopharyngeal palsy, they tend to:

Back 173

have a severe weight reduction because it is so painful to swallow that they won't eat and they will have a severe weight reduction (because CN IX does general sensation the the posterior 1/3 of tongue through SA innervation)

(lecture 1)

Front 174

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) exits the skull with which nerve and where?

Back 174

With the vagus and accessory nerve through the jugular foramen

(lecture 1)

Front 175

What is the number one cause of a cranial nerve palsy?

Back 175

A root canal
(lecture 1)

Front 176

The Vagus nerve brings somatic motor innervation to the muscles of the soft palate, except for _____1____________, and also brings SM innervation to:

Back 176

1. Tensor veli Palatini

Also brings somatic motor innervation to:
-Palatoglossus
-pharynx
-larynx
(lecture 1)

Front 177

What type of innervation does the Vagus nerve (CN X) do?

Back 177

Mixed:
-Somatic motor
-Visceral motor
-Visceral afferent

Front 178

The Vagus nerve (CN X) does visceral motor innervation and brings visceral afferent sensation to/from:

Back 178

-Pharynx
-larynx
-cardiac muscle
-all of the viscera of the trunk up to left colic flexure
(VA- distention, bloat, etc. coming back from the GI tract)
(lecture 1)

Front 179

The Vagus nerve (CN X) brings back visceral afferent sensation from:

Back 179

-External acoustic meatus
-dura mater in posterior cranial fossa
-taste buds around epiglottis-Pharynx
-larynx
-cardiac muscle
-all of the viscera of the trunk up to left colic flexure

(lecture 1)

Front 180

Which cranial nerve is one of the major causes of your basic headache (in back of your head)?

Back 180

Vagus nerve (CN X)

(lecture 1)

Front 181

When you have a headache on the front of your head, what is the cranial nerve that usually causes it?

Back 181

Trigeminal nerve

(lecture 1)

Front 182

What is the taste that you get around the epiglottis? from what nerve?

Back 182

You have an after taste here (like from throwing up) and it is from visceral afferent information to the vagus nerve
(lecture 1)

Front 183

The vagus nerve exits the skull through:

Back 183

the jugular foramen
(lecture 1)