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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics |
study of heredity; the passing of genetic information from parent to offspring. |
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autosomes |
all homologous; encoded on each chromosome. |
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karyotype |
image of the chromosome of a normal diploid cell; lined up from longest to shortest. |
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alleles |
2 copies of each gene from each chromosome. |
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dominant gene |
an allele that is always expressed, denoted by a capital letter. |
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recessive gene |
an allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant gene, denoted by a lowercase letter. |
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homozygous |
when a gene has a dominant allele on one chromosome and a dominant allele on the homologous chromosome. |
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heterozygous |
when a gene has a dominant allele on one chromosome and a recessive allele on the homologous chromosome. |
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genotype |
the denotation of a gene; Bb for heterozygous, BB or bb for homozygous. |
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phenotype |
the actual expression of a gene; ex. brown eyes, blond hair, attached earlobes, etc. |
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Define the different types of dominance |
simple or complete: the dominant allele is always expressed if present partial or incomplete: when the genotype is heterozygous, the phenotype is a unique blend or expression of both the dominant and recessive genes; ex, hair color or eye color codominance: when the genotype is heterozygous, the phenotype is an equal expression of both alleles; no true dominant or recessive allele; ex. blood type |
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sex linked trait |
genes that are on the sex chromosomes. |
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pedigree |
chart looking at one gene; looking at how it’s passed down through generations. |
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amniocentesis |
a sample of amniotic fluid; starting at the 14th/16th week of pregnancy. |
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chorionic villus analysis |
a form of prenatal diagnosis where a suction tube is inserted through the vagina and into the uterus -> some of the chorion is removed and tested for genetic mutations; can be done weeks earlier than amniocentesis. 8th/10th week of pregnancy. |
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synapsis and crossing over |
The exchanging of genetic material between chromosomes during mitosis. |
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nondisjunction |
improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis -> a haploid egg or sperm with too many or too few chromosomes. |
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Turner’s syndrome |
an XO individual; sexually immature females -> no breast development, no menstrual cycle, possible other physical defects. |
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Klinefelter’s syndrome |
an XXY individual; a male with some female characteristics such as breast development or feminine features; 1 in 500 live male births. |
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intersex |
individuals born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical male/female binary. |
