Anatomy Ch 22: The Heart

Front 1

in a healthy 80kg resting adult, the heart beats about ____ time per min

Back 1

75

Front 2

the amount of blood pumped from one ventricle per min (about 5.25 Liters) is called the what?

Back 2

cardiac output

Front 3

when the body is active and the cells need more oxygen and nutrients delivered at a faster pase, the heart can increase its output how much

Back 3

5 or 6 times more

Front 4

arteries carry blood ____

Back 4

away from the heart

Front 5

veins carry blood _______

Back 5

to the heart

Front 6

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called what?

Back 6

great vessels (cuz they have relatively larger diameter)

Front 7

the hearts anatomy ensures the _____ _______ of blood through it. backflow of blood is prevented by valves within the heart,

Back 7

unidirectional flow

Front 8

the heart acts like 2 side by side pumps that work at the same rate and pump the same volume of blood; one directs blood ____________, while the other directs blood __________

Back 8

to the lungs for gas exchange, to the body tissues for nutrient and respiratory gas delivery

Front 9

the heart develops _____ _____ through alternate cycles of heart wall contracion and relaxation

Back 9

blood pressure

Front 10

blood pressure is what?

Back 10

the force of the blood pushing against the inside walls of the vessels.

Front 11

what are the 2 circulations

Back 11

pulmonary and systematic

Front 12

where is pulmonary circulation?

Back 12

chambers on the right side of the heart (right atrium and right ventricles) as well as the pulmonary arteries and veins

Front 13

what does pulmonary circulation do?

Back 13

conveys blood to the lungs through pulmonary arteries to reduce carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen in the blood before returning to the heart in pulmonary veins.

Front 14

where is systematic circulation?

Back 14

chambers of the left side of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle) along with all other named blood vessels.

Front 15

what does systematic circulation do?

Back 15

carries blood to all peripheral organs and tissues of the body. blood that is high in oxygen from the left side of the heart is pumped to the aorta.

Front 16

gas is exchanged with tissues from bodys smallest vessels called what

Back 16

capillaries

Front 17

systematic veins carry....

Back 17

blood low in oxygen and high in C02 and waste back to the heart

Front 18

most veins merge and drain in the ______ and ______ _____ _____ which drain the blood into the right atrium

Back 18

superior and inferior venae cavae.

Front 19

what is the right border of the heart

Back 19

primarily formed by the right atrium and ventricle, located more anteriorly

Front 20

what is the left border?

Back 20

primarily formed by the left atrium and ventricle, locted more posteriorly

Front 21

what is the superior border?

Back 21

formed by the great arterial trunks (ascending aorta and pulmonary trunks) and the superior vena cava

Front 22

base of heart?

Back 22

posterosuperior surface of heart formed mostly of left atrium

Front 23

what is the inferior border?

Back 23

formed by right ventricle

Front 24

what is the outside layer of the pericardium made from

Back 24

tough, dense connective tissue called FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

Front 25

what is the inside layer of heart made of?

Back 25

a thin, double- layered serous membrane called a serous pericardium.

Front 26

visceral layer is?

Back 26

a serous pericardium also called the epicardium that covers the outside of heart

Front 27

pericardial cavity

Back 27

thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

Front 28

pericarditis (clinical view)

Back 28

inflammation of the hearts preicardium
caused by virus, bacteria or fungi
pain located over the center or left of chest, may extend to the neck or left shoulder
results in loss od lubricating action of serous membrane

Front 29

epicardium is?

Back 29

outermost layer of the heart aka visceral layer of serous pericardium. its composed of serous membrane and areolar connective tissure

Front 30

myocardium is?

Back 30

middle layer of heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue the myocardium is the thickest of the 3 layers.

Front 31

size of the heart

Back 31

approximately the size of a person’s clenched fist

Front 32

how much does the heart weigh?

Back 32

In the average normal adult, it weighs about 250 to 350 grams

Front 33

The heart wall is composed of an outer _______ (visceral layer of the serous pericardium), a middle _______ (cardiac muscle), and an inner _______, (composed of areolar connective tissue and an endothelium).

Back 33

epicaridum, myocardium, endocardium

Front 34

The left and right ____ are thin-walled chambers located superiorly.

Back 34

atria

Front 35

The anterior part of each atrium is a wrinkled, flaplike extension, called an _____

Back 35

auricle cuz it resembles an ear

Front 36

The right atrium receives blood from the _______circulation, and the left atrium receives blood from the ______ circulation

Back 36

systematic, pulmonary

Front 37

2 large arteries, the ________ _________ and the ______, exit the heart at its superior border.

Back 37

pulmonary trunk, aorta

Front 38

The ______ _______ carries blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circulation, while the aorta conducts blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circulation.

Back 38

pulmonary trunk

Front 39

the ventricles each pump ________ amount of blood per min

Back 39

the same

Front 40

The first sound heard with a stethoscope is the result of the AV valves ______; producing a “lubb” sound. The second sound is produced when the semilunar valves ______; producing a “dupp” sound

Back 40

closing, close

Front 41

Right atrioventricular valve
location, structure, and function

Back 41

location:Between right atrium and right ventricle

structure: Three triangular-shaped cusps of dense connective tissue covered by endothelium; chordae tendineae attached to free edges

function: Prevents backflow of blood into right atrium when ventricles contract

Front 42

Pulmonary semilunar valve
location, structure, and function

Back 42

location:Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

structure: 3 semilunar cusps of dense connective tissue covered by endothelium; no chordae tendineae

function:Prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle when ventricles relax

Front 43

Left atrioventricular valve
location, structure, and function

Back 43

location: Between left atrium and left ventricle

structure: Two triangular-shaped cusps of dense connective tissue covered by endothelium; chordae tendineae attached to free edges

function: Prevents backflow of blood into left atrium when ventricles contract

Front 44

Aortic semilunar valve
location, structure, function

Back 44

location: Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

structure: Three semilunar cusps of dense connective tissue covered by endothelium; no chordae tendineae

function: Prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle when ventricles relax

Front 45

Four thick regions of ___________ _______ _________tissue encircle the four heart valves and the origins of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.

Back 45

strong dense regular connective

Front 46

The _________ receives venous blood from the systemic circulation and the heart muscle itself.

Back 46

right atrium

Front 47

The superior vena cava drains blood from.....

Back 47

the head, neck, upper limbs, and superior regions of the trunk

Front 48

the __________ drains blood from the lower limbs and trunk

Back 48

inferior vena cava

Front 49

the ____________ drains blood from the heart wall.

Back 49

coronary sinus

Front 50

The _____ ________forms a thin wall between the right and left atria.

Back 50

interatrial (in-ter-ā′trē-ăl) septum

Front 51

The posterior atrial wall is smooth, but the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges, called?

Back 51

pectinate muscles

Front 52

Inspection of the interatrial septum reveals an oval depression called the, ____ _____ also called the _____ ______

Back 52

fossa ovalis, oval fossa

Front 53

Separating the right atrium from the right ventricle is the right ___________ _________.

Back 53

atrioventricular opening.

Front 54

right _______ valve (also called the tricuspid valve, since it has three triangular cusps).

Back 54

atrioventricular(AV)

Front 55

The right ventricle receives _________ venous blood from the right atrium

Back 55

deoxygenated

Front 56

An ________ _____forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricles.

Back 56

interventricular septum

Front 57

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays characteristic large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges, called the ____ ______

Back 57

trabeculae carneae

Front 58

The right ventricle typically has 3 cone-shaped, muscular projections called_________ muscles, which anchor numerous thin strands of collagen fibers called chordae tendineae

Back 58

papillary (pap′i-lăr-ē; papilla = nipple)

Front 59

The ______ _______attach to the lower surface of cusps of the right AV valve and prevent the valve from everting and flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.

Back 59

chordae tendineae

Front 60

A muscle bundle called the _______ _______or moderator band, connects the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the interventricular septum.

Back 60

septomarginal trabecula (see figure 22.6)

Front 61

At its superior end, the right ventricle narrows into a smooth-walled, conical region called the ______ _______?

Back 61

conus arteriosus.

Front 62

______ valve, which marks the end of the right ventricle and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk divides shortly into right and left pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Back 62

pulmonary semilunar,

Front 63

Once gas exchange occurs in the lungs, the oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary veins to the ____ ____

Back 63

left atrium

Front 64

Separating the left atrium from the left ventricle is the left ________ _________

Back 64

atrioventricular opening.

Front 65

The left ventricular wall is typically ___ times thicker than the right ventricular wall

Back 65

3

Front 66

the _____ ____ ______ marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance into the aorta

Back 66

aortic semilunar valve

Front 67

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle, cuz it must generate a force sufficient to push blood through the ________ ______ to capillary beds.

Back 67

systemic circulation

Front 68

abnormal heart sounds, called a ____ _______, are the 1st indication of heart problems. These sounds may be heard before, during, or after normal heart sounds, it is usually the result of turbulence of the blood as it passes through the heart, and may be caused by valvular leakage, decreased valve flexibility or a misshapen valve.

Back 68

heart murmur

Front 69

_______ ______ ______, which supplies the right border of the heart

Back 69

right marginal artery