Anatomy Block 2: Foot

Front 1

The articular surfaces on the medial malleolus and inferior end of the tibia and the articular facet on the longer lateral malleolus of the fibula form a deep __________ for the trochlea of the talus.

Back 1

mortise/socket

Front 2

The deltoid ligament (medial collateral ligament) strongly resists foot _________.

Back 2

eversion

Front 3

The weaker lateral ligament (lateral collateral ligament) attaches to the fibula and resists foot ____________.

Back 3

inversion

Front 4

The most frequently torn part of the lateral collateral ligament of the foot is the

Back 4

anterior talofibular ligament

Front 5

The ankle joint is most stable in (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion).

Back 5

dorsiflexion

Front 6

The ankle foot most commonly suffers ______________ injuries.

Back 6

inversion (weak lateral collateral ligament)

Front 7

Ankle sprains typically occur during (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion).

Back 7

plantarflexion

Front 8

The deltoid ligament is so strong that the _____________ usually will be avulsed before the ligament tears.

Back 8

medial malleolus

Front 9

The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the ____________ and ____________ joints.

Back 9

-talocalcaneonavicular
-calcaneocuboid

Front 10

What are the 2 most important intertarsal joints?

Back 10

-transverse tarsal joint
-subtalar joint (talocalcaneal)

Front 11

The calcaneus has a medial shelf of bone called the ________________, which supports the talus.

Back 11

sustentaculum tali

Front 12

What bone articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsals?

Back 12

cuboid

Front 13

What bone has a groove for the fibularis longus tendon?

Back 13

cuboid

Front 14

What bones articulate with metatarsals 1-3?

Back 14

cuneiforms (medial, middle, lateral)

Front 15

What bone has a medial tuberosity that can press against your shoe if its too prominent?

Back 15

navicular

Front 16

The longitudinal arch of the foot is supported posteriorly on the ____________ and anteriorly on the _______________.

Back 16

-tuberosity of the calcaneus
-heads of the metatarsals

Front 17

The medial part of the longitudinal arch of the foot is mainly supported by what ligament?

Back 17

plantar calcaneonavicular (“spring”) ligament

Front 18

The lateral part of the longitudinal arch of the foot is mainly supported by what ligament?

Back 18

long plantar ligament (short plantar, or plantar calcaneocuboid ligament assists)

Front 19

The ________________ acts as a supporting ligament for the arches of the foot.

Back 19

plantar aponeurosis

Front 20

What bones form the transverse arch of the foot?

Back 20

medial to lateral: 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

Front 21

Flatfoot, or _______________, has 2 types. What are they?

Back 21

-pes planus
-flexible or rigid (bony)

Front 22

In pes planus, the _____________ arch of the foot is usually affected.

Back 22

medial longitudinal arch

Front 23

The most common type of clubfoot is called ________________. What does it look like?

Back 23

talipes equinovarus

Front 24

What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 24

-extensor digitorum brevis
-extensor hallucis brevis

Front 25

What are the 2 tendons of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 25

-extensor digitorum longus tendon
-extensor hallucis longus tendon

Front 26

The inferior extensor retinaculum is found on the _________ of the foot.

Back 26

dorsum

Front 27

The extensor digitorum brevis affects toes ____.

Back 27

2 to 4

Front 28

Explain the arterial blood flow to the dorsum of the foot.

Back 28

The anterior tibial artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

The dorsalis pedis artery divides into the deep plantar and first dorsal metatarsal arteries.

Front 29

What muscles of the dorsum of the foot are innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

Back 29

-Extensor digitorum brevis
-Dorsal interossei muscles 1 and 2

Front 30

Although the muscles of the dorsum of the foot are innervated by the ____________ nerve, the skin of the dorsum of the foot is innervated by the __________ nerve.

Back 30

-muscles: deep fibular nerve
-skin: superficial fibular nerve

Front 31

In addition to the plantar aponeurosis, the deep plantar fascia includes...

Back 31

medial plantar fascia
lateral plantar fascia

Front 32

Plantar fasciitis is due to the straining and inflammation of the ______________. Constant inflammation may cause _________.

Back 32

plantar aponeurosis

heel spurs

Front 33

What are the muscles of the plantar foot, first layer?

Back 33

-abductor halluics
-abductor digiti minimi
-flexor digitorum brevis (does NOT flex ALL of the phalanges)

Front 34

What are the muscles of the plantar foot, second layer? Tendons?

Back 34

Muscles: quadratus planus, lumbricals (4)

Tendons: flexor digitorum longus tendon, flexor hallucis longus tendon

Front 35

In the plantar foot, all the muscles that have 2 bellies are found in what layer?

Back 35

3rd layer

Front 36

In the plantar foot, what are the muscles of the third layer?

Back 36

-flexor hallucis brevis (medial and lateral bellies)
-adductor hallucis (oblique and transverse head)
-flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 37

In the plantar foot, what are the muscles of the fourth layer?

Back 37

-4 dorsal interossei (DAB--they abduct). Only 4 because the hallucis has its own abductor
-3 plantar interossei (PAD--they adduct). Only 3 because the hallucis has its own adductor and the second toe does not adduct--it's in the midline

Front 38

Describe the arterial supply for the plantar foot.

Back 38

Posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar branches. The lateral plantar artery combines with the deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis) to form the PLANTAR ARTERIAL ARCH.

Front 39

What 2 arteries form the plantar arterial arch?

Back 39

lateral plantar artery

deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis)

Front 40

The tibial nerve enters through the _____________ on the medial side of the foot to supply the foot.

Back 40

tarsal tunnel

Front 41

The tibial nerve divides into the _________ and __________ nerves.

Back 41

medial plantar nerve

lateral plantar nerve

Front 42

The medial plantar nerve innervates what muscles?

Back 42

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
1st lumbrical
Flexor hallucis brevis

Front 43

The lateral plantar nerve innervates what muscles?

Back 43

Abductor digiti minimi
Quadratus Plantae
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
2nd-4th lumbricals
Adductor hallucis
Interossei

Front 44

Morton's neuroma involves what nerve? Between which structures is it found?

Back 44

-enlarged common plantar nerve
-found between toes 3 and 4