Anatomy And Physiology Ch 9

Front 1

The nervous system consists of the... ____,_____,____

Back 1

brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Front 2

The functional cell of the nervous system is the...

Back 2

neuron

Front 3

Other cell types of the nervous system=____
- more than neurons and maintain the cellular environment to support the activity of the neurons..

Back 3

glia cells

Front 4

Basic functions of the nervous system include...

Back 4

-initiate/regulate mvt of body parts
-regulate secretions from glands
-gather info from the external environment
-maintain the appropriate state of consciousness
-stimulate behaviors appropriate for survival

Front 5

What are the TA's names..

Back 5

Amanda Burke
Alexis Brogden
Luke Martin

Front 6

Neurons are ___. This allows them to develop action potentials and propogate them along axons. This transmission occurs at specialized junction called ___.

Back 6

excitable

synapses

Front 7

nervous system is divided between 2 parts____ and____.

Back 7

central and peripheral nervous stems

Front 8

CNS includes...

Back 8

brain and spinal cord

Front 9

PNS includes

Back 9

cranial and spinal nerves going to and from the body structures

Front 10

The _____ nervous system coordinates the activity of the visceral structurs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands)

Back 10

Autonomic nervous system

Front 11

_____ nerves gather info about the internal/external environment and relays it to the CNS.

Back 11

sensory nerves

Front 12

____ are specialized structures that detect environmental stimuli.

Back 12

sensory receptors

Front 13

____ is an individual nerve cell

Back 13

neuron

Front 14

Each neuronal cell body gives rise to one or more, _____, cytoplasmic extensions of the cell. They are _____ if they transmit signals toward the cell bodies, and ____ if they conduct away.

Back 14

nerve processes

dendrites

axons

Front 15

Neuron belonging to the axon is the _____.
The one receiving info from the axon is the _____.

Back 15

presynaptic neuron

postsynaptic neuron

Front 16

Within the CNS, these are the supportive cells and are composed of glial cells....

Back 16

neuroglia

Front 17

How is the nervous and endocrine system similar?
Different?

Back 17

Similar- both monitor stimuli9 and react to maintain homeostasis

Differences-
nervous- rapid, fast system where effects do not always persevere
End. system- slower and actions are longer lasting (hormones)

Front 18

Neuroglia types
-____- star shaped, abundant-involved in formation of the BBB
-____- specialized immune cells that act as macrophages
-____- low columnar-esque epithelial type cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord- ciliated, facilitate in the mvt of CSF

Back 18

astrocytes

microglia

epidymal cells

Front 19

Neuroglial cells
-____- produce the myelin sheath which provides the electrical insulation for certain neurons of the CNS

Back 19

oligodendrocytes

Front 20

Subdivisions of the brain include_____,_______,______.

Back 20

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

Front 21

brainstem made of the _____,_____,______,______.

Back 21

diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Front 22

Cerebrum has _____, which are convex ridges, _____, which are forrows or fissures, _____, which are neuronal cell bodies(gray) on the exterior, and maintains normal motor activity

Back 22

gyri

sulci

cerebral cortex

Front 23

_____= 2 lateral hemispheres, surface has many folds, laminae
-white matter= interior
-gray matter= exterior
function- accurate timing of mvts, and coordinate muscle activity

Back 23

cerebellum

Front 24

____= includes the hypothalamus, and 3rd ventricle

Back 24

diencephalon

Front 25

____= relay center for nerve fibers connecting to cerebrum to brainstem/cerebellum/spinal cord

Back 25

thalamus

Front 26

____= ventral to thalamus, attached to the hypophysis

Back 26

hypothalamus

Front 27

_____= median cleft btw 2 thalami and filled w CSF

Back 27

3rd ventricle

Front 28

_____= surface has visible transverse fibers that form a bridge btw the 2 cerebral hemispheres
-fiber tracts/cranial nerve nuclei

Back 28

pons

Front 29

_____= btw diencephalon and pons

Back 29

midbrain

Front 30

____= large bundle of nerves connecting the spinal cord/brain system to the cerebral hemispheres

Back 30

peduncle

Front 31

___= small bumps on the dorsal side of the brain

Back 31

colliculi

Front 32

____= cranial contribution of spinal cord- contains important autonomic centers and nuclei for cranial nerves

Back 32

medulla oblongata

Front 33

___= set of structures containing CSF in the brain- is continuous w/ central canal of spinal cord

Back 33

ventricular system

Front 34

____= tuff of capillaries that protrudes into the lumen of the ventricle

Back 34

choroid plexus

Front 35

____= causal contribution of the medulla oblongata- gray matter in the center
-___= ascending tracts
-___= descending tracts

Back 35

spinal cord

sensory

motor

Front 36

____= connective tissue covering of the brain and spinal cord

Back 36

meninges

Front 37

___= deepest of the meninges, delicate membrane that forms a sheath around blood vessels

Back 37

piamater

Front 38

____= web-like filaments

____= tough, fibrous covering of the CNS, fills the role of the periosteum in the cranium

Back 38

arachnoid

duramater

Front 39

____= space btw the piamater and arachnoid space, important for spinal taps- found in both the cranial/spinal meninges

Back 39

subarachnoid space

Front 40

___= includes nerves and ganglia outside the CNS
-spinal/cranial nerves
-sensory info to brain and spinal cord
-produces mvt of muscle

Back 40

PNS
peripheral nervous system

Front 41

Nerves transmit info by ____.
Occurs in ________

Back 41

nerve impulses

myelinated axons

Front 42

____= depolarizes postsynaptic neuron

____= hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuron

Back 42

excitatory

inhibitory

Front 43

Neurotransmitters
___= neuromuscular junction

___= adrenergic neurons

Back 43

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

Front 44

____= most predominat inhibitory NT

____= most predominat excitatory NT

Back 44

GABA

glutamate

Front 45

Nerve fibers are either ______ or _______.

Back 45

unmyelinated or myelinated

Front 46

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Back 46

-regulate mvt of body parts
-regulate secretion from glands
-collect info abt external/interal environment
-maintain a state of consciousness
-stimulate behavior for survival

Front 47

What are the two divisions of the nervous system, and what parts make up each?

Back 47

CNS- brain/spinal cord

PNS- cranial/spinal nerves
- cranial nerves carry info to/from brain
-spinal- carry info to/from spinal cord

Front 48

Which system is the center of integration and control?

Back 48

central nervous system

Front 49

What are the 2 types of cells in the NS?

Back 49

Neurons
neuroglial cells

Front 50

___ cells are the functional, signal conducting cells
____ cells are the supporting cells

Back 50

neurons

neuroglia

Front 51

____ is the system of the NS outside of the brain and spinal cord containing spinal/cranial nerves

Back 51

PNS

Front 52

_____= junction btw an axon of one neuron with another neuron or another cell type

Back 52

synapse

Front 53

____= branches of the main axon

Back 53

axon collaterals

Front 54

_____= white sheath of fatty material around nerve fibers (axons)- provides protection

______= many layers of cell membrane glial cells wrapped around an axon

Back 54

myelin

myelin sheath

Front 55

_____= grp of nerve cell bodies (soma) in the CNS

____= grp of nerve cell bodies in the ANS

Back 55

nuclei

ganglia

Front 56

____= bundle of nerve processes in the CNS

______= bundle of nerve processes in the PNS

Back 56

tracts/facsiculi

nerves

Front 57

____= aggregates of neuronal cell bodies

___= regions of tracts

Back 57

gray matter

white matter

Front 58

Discuss myelination of the CNS

Back 58

includes the oligodendrocytes forming a covering over the axon, wraps around

Front 59

Discuss myelination of the PNS

Back 59

includes schwann cells of the cytoplasm that includes the myelin sheath covering the axon

Front 60

Brain subdivisions
____= this part has the fn of initiation/maintenace of normal motor activity

Back 60

cerebrum

Front 61

____= part of the brain w the fn of accurate timing, execution of mtvts, coordinate muscle activity

Back 61

cerebellum

Front 62

Name the venticles of the ventricular nervous system..

Back 62

R/L lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

Front 63

in what part of the body is the gray matter in the center...

Back 63

spinal cord

Front 64

list meninges from the deepest to the most superficial...

Back 64

pia mater
arachnoid
duramater

Front 65

The purpose of the PNS is...

Back 65

convey sensory info to brain and spinal cord
produce mvt of muscle or secretion from glands by motor nerves

Front 66

____= part of the NS that regulates activity in viscera and structure not under voluntary control

Back 66

Autonomic Nervous System
ANS

Front 67

____= are the 2 main divisions of the ANS

Back 67

Sympathetic (thorocolumbar)
Parasympathetic ( craniosacral)

Front 68

___= location of the sympathetic division of the ANS
___- function

Back 68

thoracic and lumbar

prepare for stress

Front 69

____= location of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
____= function

Back 69

cranial and sacral

recover from stress

Front 70

Neuron shapes-
___= seen in development only, not seen in adults, have 1 process
___= seen in the sensory system, have one dendrite and one axon
___= have a number of dendrites and one axon, found in the nervous system

Back 70

unipolar

bipolar

multipolar

Front 71

___= part of the brain that encloses the cavities of the lateral ventricles, gray matter on the exterior- controls motor functions
___= layer of cerebral gray matter

Back 71

cerebrum

cerebral cortex

Front 72

___= important relay center for nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres to the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord
___= dorsal to the thalamus, includes pineal glad, which is the endocrine gland in animals- - secretes melatonin to help in circadian rhythms/sleep cycles

Back 72

thalamus

epithalamus

Front 73

____= ventral to the thalamus, surrounds the ventral part of the 3rd venticle- comprises many nuclei the autonomic activities and behavior

___= attached to the ventral part of the hypothalamus, one of the most important endocrine glands- where nervous and endocrine systems meet

Back 73

hypothalamus

hypophysis/pituitary gland

Front 74

___= lies btw the diencephalon and the pons, the 2 cerebral peduncles and 4 colliculi are the most prominent features

Back 74

midbrain

Front 75

___= part of the brain that contains the autonomic centers and nuclei for cranial nerves

Back 75

medulla oblongata

Front 76

___= responsible for the formation of the CSF that fills the ventricular system and surrounds the CNS

Back 76

choroid plexus

Front 77

what is a ventricular system..

importance..

Back 77

system of ventricles

houses the choroid plexus

Front 78

___= nerve that is not strictlyy motor or sensory, but has both elements

Back 78

mixed nerve

Front 79

___= nerves that emerge thru the intervertebral foramina, and dorsal and ventral roots form close to the intervertebral foramina- they are the conjoined sensory fibers of the dorsal root and motor fibers of the ventral root

Back 79

spinal nerve

Front 80

___= tangled arrangement of spinal nerves
- What are the 2 main plexusses and where are they found...

Back 80

plexus

brachial/lumbosacral

brachial- thoracic limbs

lumbosacral- pelvic limbs

Front 81

___= Nerves arising from the brain...numbered by roman numerals, some are strictly motor or sensory, no discernable dorsal/ventral roots

Back 81

cranial nerves

Front 82

___= nerves of the spine/vertebrae..have discernable dorsal/ventral roots, and are all mixed nerves

Back 82

spinal nerves

Front 83

What is the importance of the ANS...autonomic nervous system?

Back 83

part of the nervous system not under voluntary control..has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that prepare and deal with stress