Anatomy 2- Exam 1

Front 1

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Back 1

it's primary goal is to stimulate the thyroid to release hormones

Front 2

ACTH (adrenocoticotropic hormone)

Back 2

stimulates the production of the steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex

Front 3

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Back 3

follicle maturation is stimulated by the ovaries and testes

Front 4

LH (luteinizing hormone

Back 4

ovulation and production of testosterone

Front 5

PRL (prolactin)

Back 5

creates lactation from the breast

Front 6

GH (growth hormone)

Back 6

Mitosis from body cells

Front 7

Anterior Pituitary

Back 7

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, AND GH are all released from this endocrine gland

Front 8

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Back 8

helps kidney cells from dehydration by retaining h2o

Front 9

Oxytocin

Back 9

Released from the post pituitary, it targets the uterus and stimulates contractions

Front 10

TH(thyroid hormone)

Back 10

all body cells are targeted for metabolism function by thyroid gland

Front 11

calcitonin

Back 11

lowers blood calcium

Front 12

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Back 12

raises blood calcium

Front 13

Aldosterone

Back 13

the kidney is targeted to increase blood sodium levels

Front 14

Cortisol

Back 14

Increases blood glucose in between meals

Front 15

androgen

Back 15

precursor to sex hormones

Front 16

glucagon

Back 16

alpha cells of pancreas are released and target the liver to increase blood glucose

Front 17

insulin

Back 17

beta cells of pancreas, lower blood glucose levels

Front 18

melatonin

Back 18

from pineal gland to brain, involves day/night cycle

Front 19

estrogen

Back 19

maturation of reproductive organs, released from ovaries

Front 20

testosterone

Back 20

maturation of male reproductive organs

Front 21

Erythopoetin (EPO)

Back 21

the kidney targets red bone marrow to help create red blood cell formation

Front 22

fenestrated capillaries

Back 22

neurons of hypothalamus release regulatory factors through ___________

Front 23

pituitary

Back 23

Two lobed organ that secretes nine major hormones

Front 24

anterior, posterior

Back 24

whatre the two lobes of the pituitary

Front 25

posterior pituitary

Back 25

receives, stores, and releases hormones from hypothalmus

Front 26

posterior pituitary

Back 26

Uses PIP calcium second-messenger mechanism

Front 27

anterior pituitary

Back 27

synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones

Front 28

anterior pituitary

Back 28

all bind to membrane receptors

Front 29

anterior pituitary

Back 29

uses cyclic AMP as a second messenger

Front 30

nervous system

Back 30

preforms short term crisis management

Front 31

endocrine system

Back 31

regulates long term ongoing metabolic activities of tissues and organs

Front 32

autocrines

Back 32

chemicals that exert effects on the target cells that secrete them

Front 33

paracrine commnication

Back 33

chemical messengers are released target cells within one tissue

Front 34

endocrine communication

Back 34

endocrine cells releasing hormones to alter metabolic activity of target cells

Front 35

amino acids

Back 35

protein hormones

Front 36

steroids

Back 36

gonadal and adrenocortical hormones

Front 37

steroids

Back 37

freely circulating or bound to transport proteins

Front 38

alter plasma membrane permeability, stimulate protein synthesis, activate/deactivate enzyme systems, induce secretory activity, stimulate mitosis

Back 38

Hormones produce one or more of the following cellular changes in target cells

Front 39

amino acids and steroids

Back 39

two major types of hormone structures

Front 40

second messengers and direct gene activation

Back 40

hormones alter target cell activity by one of two mechanisms

Front 41

Second messengers

Back 41

receptors for hormone are located in the cell membrane of the target cell

Front 42

amino acids

Back 42

this specific hormone requires second messengers

Front 43

direct gene activiation

Back 43

hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Front 44

steroid hormone

Back 44

precise response from direct gene activation depends on the type of target cell from this hormone

Front 45

releasing hormone, inhibiting hormone (RH) (IH)

Back 45

in the anterior lobe, these release regulatory factors through fenestrated capillaries

Front 46

hypophyseal portal system

Back 46

all blood entering through this special vascular connection will reach the intended target cells before returning to the general circulation

Front 47

post pituitary

Back 47

has a neural connection with the hypothalamus/ hypothalamic-hypopyseal tract

Front 48

homeostatic feedback systems

Back 48

blood levels of hormones are controlled by this mostly negative feedback

Front 49

Humoral, neural, hormonal stimuli

Back 49

hormones are synthesized and released in response to

Front 50

humoral

Back 50

secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients

Front 51

neural

Back 51

nerve fivers stimulate hormone release

Front 52

hormonal

Back 52

relsease of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs

Front 53

nervous system

Back 53

modifies the stimulation of endocrine glands and their negative feedback mechanisms as well as can override the normal endocrine system

Front 54

blah

Back 54

blH