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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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general characteristics of general anesthesia |
1. reversible 2. failure to respond to a noxious stimulus 3. blockage of cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes 4. amnesia 5. loss of consciousness |
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desirable actions of general anesthetics |
1. loss of consciousness 2. analgesia 3. amnesia 4. muscle relaxation *ideal anesthetic has not been found yet |
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anesthesia must partition from inhaled air into blood water into brain uptake of anesthetic into brain depends on: (list) |
1. concentration of anesthetic in inhaled air 2. rate of pulmonary ventilation 3. cardiac ouput 4. solubility of anesthetic in air, water and lipid -Pb/g-->want LOW (blood/gas)--wants to be in gas more than in water -Po/g-->want HIGH (oil/gas)--oil phase will stay around longer |
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most anesthetics are removed from the body by |
patient exhalation most compounds are taken out of the body just as they are put in |
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MAC |
way to compare potencies of anesthetics minimum alveolar concentration--the minimum concentration in alveolus that prevents 50% of patients from responding to a painful stimulus *inhaled anesthetics have markedly different structures |
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methoxyflurane |
not used as an anesthetic bc its metabolism leads to fluorine which is toxic to the kidney *minimal metabolism with isoflurane |
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meyer-overton correlation |
anesthetic potency is related to the oil gas partition coefficient over a huge multitude of orders almost perfect relationship! |
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firefly luciforus |
helped people shift from lipid based theories to protein based theories--showed specificity (similar to a lot of the drugs we've discussed in this course) |
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no compounds will be perfect, but want to strive for the highest oil/water PC and lowest blood/gas PC |
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i.v. induction anesthetics |
-rapidly acting and short acting -primarily used for inducing anesthesia, not maintenance -danger of overdose due to irrevocability of i.v. injection -thiopental, propofol, ketamine |
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local anesthesia |
-can reversibly block the generation and propagation of transmission of nerve impulses -first one used was cocaine -lidocaine (xylocaine) now the most commonly used local anesthetic -mechanism of action: will block sodium channels responsible for APs--prevents pain impulses from site of injury to brain |
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neuroleptanalgesia |
-characterized by general quiescence, indifference to environmental stimuli, and intense analgesia without total loss of consciousness -combo of Fentanyl and Droperidol marketed as Innovar --useful for cardiac and neuro procedures |
