American Nation Chapter 3 Additional Key Terms

Front 1

theocracy

Back 1

government led by religious figures

Front 2

Separatists

Back 2

Protestants that wanted to separate from the Church of England. The Separatists are now called the Pilgrims.

Front 3

Mayflower

Back 3

a small ship that Separatists sailed on from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts where they established a colony.

Front 4

Plymouth

Back 4

Settlement in Massachusetts where the Mayflower landed.

Front 5

"strangers"

Back 5

x

Front 6

William Bradford

Back 6

Governor of Plymouth for 36 years who helped the colony survive.

Front 7

Samoset

Back 7

A Pemaquid Indian who helped the Pilgrims and introduced them to Massasoit.

Front 8

Massasiot

Back 8

chief of the local Wampanoag Indians

Front 9

Wampanoag

Back 9

loca Indian tribe who helped the Pilgrims of Plymouth

Front 10

Squanto

Back 10

A Wampanoag who helped the Pilgrims by bringing them seeds of native plants--corn, beans, and pumpkins--and taught them how to catch eels.

Front 11

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 11

an English gentleman who raised money to sail to North America and settled the colony on Roanoke.

Front 12

Lost Colony of Roanoke

Back 12

an English colony located on an island off the coast of present-day North Carolina. The colonists of Roanoke headed back to England after one year. The second set of colonists disappeared mysteriously.

Front 13

Captain John Smith

Back 13

set up stern rules in Jamestown making colonists work if they wanted to eat. He talked Powhatan (nearby Indian chief) into supplying corn to Jamestown.

Front 14

Pocahontas

Back 14

daughter of Powhatan (Indian Chief). Married John Rolfe, a Jamestown tobacco planter.

Front 15

Norsemen

Back 15

group of Nordic men who raided and plundered parts of Europe

Front 16

Leif Ericson

Back 16

a Norse explorer who was the first European to land on North America, 500 years before Columbus

Front 17

Bartholomeu Dias

Back 17

Portuguese explorer who reached the southern tip of Africa in 1488. p.60

Front 18

Columbus

Back 18

an Italian sea captain, who planned to reach the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic. Instead, he landed on islands off the coasts of North America and South America in the Caribbean Sea. p.69-70

Front 19

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Back 19

Spanish monarchs who financed several of Columbus' journeys across the Atlantic. p.69-70

Front 20

Indios

Back 20

indigenous peoples of the Americas

Front 21

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 21

an Italian explorer who explored the east coast of South America; the Americas are believed to be named after him

Front 22

Vinland

Back 22

a Viking settlement located in present-day Newfoundland, found by Leif Ericson

Front 23

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Back 23

a Spanish explorer who crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean

Front 24

San Salvador

Back 24

a Spanish conquest in Central America

Front 25

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 25

a Spanish sea captain who sailed across the Pacific and around the southern tip of South America p.71

Front 26

Tenochtitlan

Back 26

the Aztec capital p.74

Front 27

New Spain

Back 27

located in what is now Florida, Mexico, Central America, and Western South America governed by Spanish conquistadors p.77

Front 28

Cortez

Back 28

a conquistador who the Aztecs thought was a god; he made the Aztec emperor a prisoner and eventually destroyed the Aztec capital p.74-75

Front 29

Francisco Pizzarro

Back 29

Spanish conquistador who captured and executed the Incan emperor and controlled much of the Incan empire p.75

Front 30

Bartolome de Las Casas

Back 30

a priest who traveled through New Spain and witnessed the deaths of Indians due to hunger, disease, and mistreatment. He then asked the king of Spain to protect the Indians. p.79

Front 31

Criollos

Back 31

the class below the peninsulares

Front 32

New Amsterdam

Back 32

a Dutch settlement on Manhattan Island p.85

Front 33

John Cabot

Back 33

an Italian sea captain who explored North America; he found Newfoundland, Canada p.81

Front 34

Jamestown

Back 34

English colony in Virginia started by the Virginia Company of London; the Jamestown colonists faced many difficulties until they started growing tobacco p.87, 88-92

Front 35

Francis Drake

Back 35

an English explorer who was the second person to circumnavigate the world.

Front 36

Jacques Cartier

Back 36

a French explorer who claimed part of Canada for France

Front 37

Samuel de Champlain

Back 37

a French explorer who founded New France and Quebec City

Front 38

Pilgrims

Back 38

in the 1600s, English settlers who sought religious freedom in the Americas p.93

Front 39

Louis Joliet

Back 39

a French Canadian explorer who explored and mapped much of the Mississippi River

Front 40

Father Jacques Marquette

Back 40

a French missionary and fur trader who set out to reach the Mississippi River p.84

Front 41

Robert de la Salle

Back 41

explored along the Mississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico; named the region Louisiana p.84

Front 42

Henry Hudson

Back 42

an English explorer who sailed for the Dutch; sailed 150 miles up the Hudson river through New York harbor p.82

Front 43

Virginia Dare

Back 43

the first child born in the Americas to English parents

Front 44

George Popham

Back 44

a colonist from Maine who started the first English colony in New England called the Popham colony

Front 45

reconquista

Back 45

x

Front 46

encomienda

Back 46

land granted to Spanish settlers that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans p.78

Front 47

Powhatan

Back 47

the most powerful chief in the Jamestown area who supplied corn to the English p.89

Front 48

mercantilism

Back 48

theory that a nation's economic strength came from keeping a strict control over its colonial trade p.120

Front 49

John Rolfe

Back 49

Jamestown colonist who married Pocahontas, daughter of Powhatan p.89

Front 50

Spanish Armada

Back 50

the Spanish fleet that sailed against England

Front 51

indentured servant

Back 51

person who agreed to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies p.126

Front 52

joint stock company

Back 52

a way for people to invest in the new colonies

Front 53

King John

Back 53

x

Front 54

Age of Exploration

Back 54

a time when Europeans began exploring the world by sea in search of trading partners, new goods, and new trade routes

Front 55

King James I

Back 55

gave the Virginia Company of London a charter to establish Jamestown p.88

Front 56

London Company

Back 56

an English joint-stock company created to establish colonial settlements in North America; also called Charter of the Virginia Company of London

Front 57

King Henry the VIII

Back 57

x

Front 58

Plymouth Company

Back 58

an English joint-stock company; also called Virginia Company of Plymouth

Front 59

Puritans

Back 59

group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony p.102

Front 60

Virginia Company

Back 60

the English company that received a charter to start the Jamestown Colony p.88

Front 61

"the starving time"

Back 61

the early years of the Jamestown Colony when people did not have food

Front 62

enclosure movement

Back 62

in England, land was no longer free to plant on; only landowners could work the land; this led people to move to America

Front 63

absolute rule

Back 63

a monarch has ultimate governing authority

Front 64

"the rights of Englishmen"

Back 64

perceived traditional rights of British subjects, as written in the Magna Carta

Front 65

royal colony

Back 65

ruled by a governor set by the Monarch; ex: Virginia

Front 66

charter colony

Back 66

the King sets the rules; ex: Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts

Front 67

proprietary colony

Back 67

x

Front 68

Popham Colony

Back 68

the first English colony in New England, started by George Popham

Front 69

Laws of the Indies

Back 69

a code that stated how the colonies in New Spain should be organized and ruled; provided for 3 types of settlements: pueblos, presidios, and missions p.77

Front 70

Anglican Church

Back 70

the state Church of England

Front 71

St. Augustine

Back 71

the first presidio, fort where soldiers lived, was built here in Florida p.77