American History Chapter 3

Front 1

Pilgrim

Back 1

First English settler in Massachusetts; left England due to religious conflicts

Front 2

Separatists

Back 2

Radical group of Puritans who wanted to cut all ties with the Anglican Church

Front 3

Puritans

Back 3

People who wanted to purify the Anglican Church

Front 4

William Bradford

Back 4

Obtained permission from the Virginia Company to settle on lands it owned near the mouth of the Hudson River

Front 5

Mayflower Compact

Back 5

Document written by Pilgrim settlers that established a self-governing colony based on majority rule of male church members

Front 6

Squanto

Back 6

A Patuxet Indian who spoke English

Front 7

Great Migration

Back 7

Mass migration of some 60,000 English people to the Americas in the 1600s

Front 8

John Winthrop

Back 8

The leader of the ship of wealthy English Puritan leaders; society based on the Bible

Front 9

New England Way

Back 9

Cooperation between church and state that was the basis for the Puritan commonwealth

Front 10

Thomas Hooker

Back 10

Minister

Front 11

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Back 11

Colonial document that is widely considered to be the first written constitution in the world

Front 12

Roger Williams

Back 12

A minister who believed in strict separation of church and state

Front 13

Anne Hutchinson

Back 13

A Puritan who found refuge in Rhode Island after refusing to follow the New England Way

Front 14

Ceclius Calvert

Back 14

King Charles the First's Son; proprietor of millions of acres in the upper Chesapeake

Front 15

Toleration Act

Back 15

Maryland law that granted a degree of religious freedom to settlers

Front 16

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 16

Well-connected young planter who raised an army of western settlers and attacked American Indians

Front 17

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 17

Attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians and the colonial government in Virginia

Front 18

King Henry VIII

Back 18

Started his own Church - Church of England (Anglican Church)

Front 19

Official Church

Back 19

Church that is supported by the government

Front 20

House of Burgesses

Back 20

Colonial Virginia's elected assembly

Front 21

Middle Passage

Back 21

Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Front 22

Olaudah Equiano

Back 22

A member of the Ibo people who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the mid-1700s. He wrote an autobiography.

Front 23

Quakers

Back 23

Members of an abolitionist Protestant sect that rejected wealth and clergy

Front 24

Abolitionists

Back 24

People who wanted to put an end to slavery

Front 25

Charles II

Back 25

Restored the monarchy's power in England

Front 26

Restoration

Back 26

Era after the death of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, when Charles II restored the monarchy in England

Front 27

Task System

Back 27

System in which plantation slaves were assigned specific duties each day

Front 28

Mercantilism

Back 28

Economic system in which a nation's power is tied to its stock of precious metals

Front 29

Balance of Trade

Back 29

Relationship between the goods a country buys from other countries and the goods it sells to other countries

Front 30

Navigation Acts

Back 30

A series of English laws beginning in 1650 that required European goods destined for the colonies be routed through England

Front 31

James II

Back 31

James the Duke of York; he authorized the Lords of Trade to organize the northern colonies into the Dominion of New England

Front 32

Edmund Andros

Back 32

Former colonial governor; he was placed in charge of the Dominion of New England in 1686

Front 33

Peter Stuyvesant

Back 33

New Netherlands colony governor who surrendered to the English

Front 34

William Penn

Back 34

Proprietor of a large tract of land near New York

Front 35

James Oglethorpe

Back 35

Planned the colony of Georgia in order to provide a fresh start for the England poor

Front 36

Glorious Revolution

Back 36

A bloodless revolt in England against Catholic king James II that led to his overthrow and put Protestants Mary and William of Orange on the throne

Front 37

Enlightenment

Back 37

Revolution in ideas that swept across Europe in the 1700s

Front 38

Great Awakening

Back 38

Series of religious revivals that swept through the British colonies in the mid-1700s

Front 39

Jonathan Edwards

Back 39

Credited with launching New England's Great Awakening

Front 40

George Whitefield

Back 40

Spread the message of the Great Awakening, beginning in 1738

Front 41

René-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle

Back 41

Explored the Mississippi River in the late 1600s

Front 42

Metacomet

Back 42

Wampanoag chief, King Phillip; led the American Indians against the colonists

Front 43

Iroquois League

Back 43

Political confederation of five northeastern American Indian tribes formed in the 1400s or 1500s

Front 44

Albany Plan of Union

Back 44

Plan written by Benjamin Franklin and other colonial delegates that called for the colonies to form a close confederation to promote defense

Front 45

Land Speculators

Back 45

People who buy land expecting a quick profit from its resale

Front 46

William Pitt

Back 46

A cabinet minister who assumed full control of the war effort

Front 47

James Wolfe

Back 47

General who was unable to lure Louis-Joseph de Montcalm into battle

Front 48

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm

Back 48

French general died due to wounds from the battle