American Experience Test 2

Front 1

Alexander Hamilton

Back 1

Secretary of Treasury under Washington , proposes financial program

Front 2

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Back 2

Federal assumption of state debts, issuing bonds, creation of national bank, new taxes, tariffs on imports to raise revenue and promote American manufacturing

Front 3

Opposition to Hamilton’s plan

Back 3

Thomas Jefferson (secretary of state under Washington ) and James Madison, say constitution doesn’t give power to create a bank (Hamilton argues does because of general welfare) and claim plan favors northern manufacturing, end up comprising for creation of a national capital closer to southern interests

Front 4

Federalists

Back 4

Supporters of Hamilton (urban, commercial, industrial, engaged in world affairs)

Front 5

Republicans

Back 5

Supporters of Jefferson (agricultural, self sufficient, rural, isolationists)

Front 6

French Revolution

Back 6

further divides political parties in America, Federalists support Britain and oppose France, while republicans support France

Front 7

John Adams

Back 7

Wins Election of 1796, his opponent Thomas Jefferson gets the 2nd most votes and becomes VP

Front 8

Alien and Sedition Acts

Back 8

B/c of continued hostility with France (France attacks American ships delivering supplies to Britain), congress passes these acts, giving the president power to arrest and deport aliens suspected of treasonable beliefs and extending naturalization from 5 years to 14 (Alien Act), and making writing, printing, or “false, scandalous, or malicious statements” against the government punishable by fines or prison (Sedition Act)

Front 9

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Back 9

Argue states have right to protect and nullify laws they believe to go beyond scope of constitutional authority

Front 10

Texas rebellion

Back 10

Rebel against Mexico in 1836 after Mexico abolishes slavery and bans American immigrants

Front 11

Sam Houston

Back 11

Leads Battle of San Jacincto where Texas captures the Mexican president and forces him to sign a treaty, elected president of Texas, tries to get US to admit Texas to the union and fails (US afraid of slave balance/alienating Mexico)

Front 12

Mexican-American War

Back 12

Caused by conflict over Texas after Polk annexes Texas, US expansion into Oregon, and California (Mexico loses control over it), Mexico quickly defeated and sign treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo in 1848, ceding enormous amounts of territory to the US

Front 13

Gold Rush

Back 13

1848, rapid increase in California’s population (called 49ers cause all arrive in 1849), allows California to apply for statehood, sparks debate on slavery

Front 14

Wilmot Provisio

Back 14

Proposed by David Wilmot to ban expansion of slavery into newly acquired territory, passes in house but fails in Senate, provokes fear in south

Front 15

Compromise of 1850

Back 15

Cali admitted as free state, remainder of newly acquired territory would be organized into 2 territories, territories would decide slavery issue through popular sovereignty, abolition of slave trade in Washington DC, stronger enforcement of fugitive slave law

Front 16

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 16

Burned constitution as act of protest of slavery, published The Liberator

Front 17

Horace Mann

Back 17

Promoted tax-supported public schools during age of reform

Front 18

American Temperance Society

Back 18

Formed Feb 1826, pledged to not drink

Front 19

Election of 1800

Back 19

Jefferson vs Adams (expected), Jefferson and VP Aaron Burr tie, vote has to go to h of rep which is dominated by federalists that the Jefferson as leader of opposition but see Burr as untrustworthy, after much choose Jefferson

Front 20

Louisiana Purchase

Back 20

Napoleon is dominating European affairs and acquired territory, Jefferson seems people to try to purchase New Orleans but Napoleon offers entire territory because needs money, Lewis and Clarke explore and observe landscape, people, and resources

Front 21

Embargo Act

Back 21

Congress passes embargo after Britain impresses American sailors into British service, bans American trade with Europe in hopes of forcing them to stop, fails and hurts American economy, creates federalist and republican hostility, forces expansion of American manufacturing

Front 22

War of 1812

Back 22

Reason: protect American honor, potential easy win, acquire new territory. America invades British Canada and fails. Britain invades US, captures and burns Washington DC, US victorious at Battle of New Orleans

Front 23

Hartford Convention

Back 23

Meeting of discontented Federalists, opposition to the war of 1812 undermines Federalists , consider succession, bring demands to congress as victory at New Orleans occurs, look out of touch/anti American which hastens their collapse

Front 24

James Monroe

Back 24

Presidency during “era of good feeling”: no open party hostility, two major developments: renewal of sectional rivalry of north and south because of Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay leads compromise

Front 25

Missouri Compromise

Back 25

1820, raises for first time the westward expansion of slavery, proposed entrance to union and gradual emancipation, Henry Clay leads compromise: admitted as slave state if Maine admitted free, slavery prohibited north of line in u organized territory just below MO.

Front 26

James Tallmodge

Back 26

Proposed admition of MO to the union

Front 27

Monroe doctrine

Back 27

1823, opposition to European colonialism in the Americas,

Front 28

Election of 1824

Back 28

Candidates: John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, John C Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson. Jackson assumes he will win and gets the most votes, but no one receives majority so H or R decides from top 3, choosing Adams instead, which upsets Jackson and his supporters (corrupt bargain)

Front 29

Trail of tears

Back 29

During Jackson’s presidency he encourages removal of Indians, Congress passes Indian Removal Act of 1830 which provides funds for relocating Indian tribes, Surpreme Court rules can’t forcibly remove but Jackson ignores, around 15,000 Indians traveled west wth around 1/4 dying along the way

Front 30

Tariff of Abominations

Back 30

1828, Meant to raise money for internal improvement but hurts the southern states and benefits the northern states

Front 31

Nullication Crisis

Back 31

South Carolina declares a tariff null and void in their state, Jackson is furious, Congress passes force act, allowing Jackson to use military force, SC forced to back down

Front 32

Whig party

Back 32

Opposition to expanding executive authority

Front 33

Second Great awakening

Back 33

Democratized Christianity, no hierarchy , expansion of education, reform societies, growing acceptance, competing denominations

Front 34

Charles Finney

Back 34

Second great awakening thinker, emphasized personal role in salvation

Front 35

Burned-over district

Back 35

Western NY, lots of revivals during second great awakening

Front 36

Joseph Smith

Back 36

Founds Mormons, translates tablets known as Book of Mormons, said got visions from god and discovered these tablets, killed in jail in 1844 fir his beliefs

Front 37

Mormons

Back 37

Pursuit of individual perfectionism, persecuted for beliefs of polygamy, baptism of the dead, etc,

Front 38

Brigham Young

Back 38

Leads Mormons to Utah

Front 39

Shakers

Back 39

Founded by Ann Lee, create utopian settlements in NY, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, advoacate celibacy, adopt and care for orphans, children raised communly,

Front 40

Frederick Douglas

Back 40

Abolitionist, national leader of abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and NY because of his oratory and writings of anti slavery

Front 41

Elizabeth Candy Stanton

Back 41

American suffragist, abolitionist, leading figure of early women’s rights

Front 42

Lucretia Mott

Back 42

Abolitionist, Quacker, formed idea reforming position of women in society when amongst women excluded from World Anti Slavery Convention in 1840

Front 43

Declaration of Sentiments

Back 43

Written by Stanton in 1848, signed by 68 women and 32 men that attended first women’s rights convention to be organized by women

Front 44

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 44

Proposed by Stephen Douglas, organized Louisiana territory into 2 new territories, wants to connect Chicago and Cali with railroad

Front 45

Bleeding Kansas

Back 45

Conflict after popular sovereignty introduced in Kansas, fighting between northerners and southerners moving in

Front 46

John Brown

Back 46

Killed pro-slavery activists

Front 47

Charles Sumner

Back 47

Verbally attacks Andre Butler who is pro slavery, Butlers cousin Preston Brooks beats Sumner almost to death and hailed as hero in south (known as Bleeding Sumner)

Front 48

Republican party

Back 48

Emerged against slavery

Front 49

James Buchanan

Back 49

Becomes president in election of 1856 (Democrat)

Front 50

Dried Scott Decision

Back 50

Decides residence in free state does not ,Zoe a slave free, opens up territories to slavery

Front 51

Harpers Ferry

Back 51

1859, John Brown hopes to tigger slave rebellion, is captured and executed, he is cel rested in the north and condemned in the south

Front 52

Election if 1860

Back 52

Lincoln elected, growing Republican Party, split Democratic Party

Front 53

Crittenden’s Compromise

Back 53

Propose constitutional amendments to get states to rejoin union, voted down in senate

Front 54

Jefferson Davis

Back 54

President of zComfederate states of America

Front 55

Fort Sumter

Back 55

Federal fort in Charleston Harbor, held by union troops, confederates bombers in April 1861, force union soldiers to surrender, Lincoln calls for 77,000 volunteers to defend union and four more states succeed

Front 56

Anaconda plan

Back 56

Long term plan to defeat confederacy: blockade coast and prevent export of cotton and outside help, gain control of Mississippi River to split confederacy in half and disrupt confederate economy

Front 57

Bull Run

Back 57

July 21, 1861, 1st major battle of civil war, surprise victory for confederacy, humiliating defeat for union

Front 58

Ulysses S Grant

Back 58

Union general in West

Front 59

Robert E Lee

Back 59

Confederate leader

Front 60

Antietam

Back 60

Sep 1862, bloodiest day of American history, confederate army forced to retreat

Front 61

Vicksburg

Back 61

July 1863, union seized control of Mississippi River

Front 62

Gettysburg

Back 62

Lee invades North, 1/3 troops killed or wounded, becomes increasingly harder to replace troops

Front 63

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Back 63

union Capture Atlanta which is a major railroad hub, march to sea while pillaging along way

Front 64

Appomattox Courthouse

Back 64

Grant defeats Lee

Front 65

10% Plan

Back 65

Lincoln’s plan during war to pardon ex-confederates except highest ranking officers and civilian leaders, 10% of voting population ,use swear oath of loyalty to US and create new, loyal state government abolishing slavery

Front 66

WAde Davis Bill

Back 66

Congress plan that majority of white citizens must participate in creation of new vote must take “iron clad oath” saying never participated in confederate war effort. Lincoln vetos

Front 67

13th Amendment

Back 67

Jan 1865, abolishes slavery