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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Marcus Garvey
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He was born in 1887 in Jamaica, founded the Universal Negro Improvement association {UNIA) in 1914. He was a printer, public speaker, and advocate of Pan-Africanism. He moved to America in 1916. He urged blacks to take pride in themselves' as they restored their race to its previous greatness.
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A. Philip Randolph
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He became the primary union organizer for more than 12,000 African American sleeping car porters. He lobbied the American Federation of Labor {AFL) to recognize the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925.
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When black entertainers, musicians, and innovators were making progress
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White athletes and sports entrepreneurs increasingly opposed the presence of black men in rings and on playing fields.
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Jack Johnson
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He was an African American, born in Galveston Texas in 1878 became heavyweight champion in 1902. He was the champion from 1902 to 1915. His championship was marked by strong opposition from whites because he married a white woman in 1911.
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Andrew 'Babe' Foster
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He was the 20th century father of baseball in the 20th century. In 1911, he founded the Chicago American Giants. In 1920 he was the catalyst behind the formation of an eight team Negro National League.
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During the Great Depression
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Blacks in the rural agricultural South were hit especially hard financially. Cash-crop production imploded as the demand for cotton and sugar fell.
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Cotton prices
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During the Great Depression this fell from 18 cent a pound in 1929 to six cent a pound in 1933. ###########################################################
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Millions of The urban North black industrial workers
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From 1929 to 1933 they faced lay-offs and increased unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. #############################################
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Black domestic workers
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During the Great Depression in northern and southern cities they saw a significant decrease in work opportunities and wages. Their wages plummeted to 25 cents per hour.
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They bartered between each other
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In southern rural communities without money to purchase goods and services blacks often did this as they pooled resources to survive during the Great Depression.
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Dr. Matilda A. Evans (1872-1935) of Columbia, South Carolina
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She was an 1897 graduate of the Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia From 1931-1933 she lobbied state officials and the business community to provide services to African American school children.
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Walter White
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He was the astute leader of the NAACP during the 1930s, pressed for anti-lynching laws, racial justice, and expanded the membership and scope of the NAACP as a bi-racial civil rights organization.
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Charles Hamilton Houston
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He was a Harvard-trained African American lawyer and scholar led the NAACP legal campaign during the 1930s through the 1940s ##############################################
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Thurgood Marshall
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He became one of Houston best law students. During the 1930s, he and Houston concentrated on bringing greater parity between pay for black and white teachers.
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Daisy Adams Lampkin
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She was a native of Washington D.C. in 1915 and became the president of the Negro Women's Franchise League, a group dedicated to fighting for the vote. She became the national field secretary of the NAACP in 1935.
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Juanita Jackson Mitchell
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She was raised in Baltimore. She became a youth organizer for the NAACP in 1935. She married civil rights activist Clarence Mitchell and became director of the NAACP voter registration campaigns.
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Ella Baker
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She became one of the most important women in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. A grass-roots organizer, WPA teacher, served as assistant field secretary of the NAACP in 1941.
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Roosevelt's 'black cabinet'
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27 African American men and 3 women working mostly in temporary emergency agencies. These advisers pressured the president and the heads of federal agencies to adopt and support colorblind policies to assist black social and economic progress.
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The (AFL) American Federation of Labor
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From 1936 to 1941 on the eve of World War II they enforced closed-shop agreements that prevented their employers from hiring black or white workers who were not members of their unions.
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Executive Order 8802
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In June 1941 Roosevelt issued this order prompting Randolph to call off the march. This instructed all government agencies that trained workers to administer defense training programs without discrimination.
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The Fair Employment Practices Committee
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This was created by Roosevelt to ensure enforcement of Executive Order 8802. The committee was given power to investigate complaints of discrimination.
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The military was still segregated
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When the U.S. entered the war in 1941 In spite of their valor and dedication wounded African American soldiers were treated in segregated hospitals, could only receive black donor blood, treated by black doctors, and denied access to white officer and enlisted men's spaces on military bases.
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The black training bases
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The vast majority of these were in the South where they faced discrimination on and off the base. ######################################################
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The Tuskegee Airmen
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Unlike other units in the army, the 99th Squadron and 332nd Group had black officers. The group was highly decorated for valor and distinguished service.
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Benjamin O. Davis Jr
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an African American who was the commander of the Tuskegee Airmen. ##########################################################
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The March on Washington Movement 1939-1941
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This was led by A. Philip Randolph. The movement demanded government contracts that forbade employment discrimination based on race, elimination of military training programs that excluded blacks and the end of segregation in the arm forces.
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U.N.I.A.
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the Universal Negro Improvement association
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