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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is respiration? |
process of releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose
takes place in cells |
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Why do we need energy? |
growth and repair structural - builds larger molecules chemical reactions muscle activity |
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What are the two types of respiration? |
Aerobic
Anaerobic |
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What does aerobic mean? |
"with air" |
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what does aerobic respiration need in order to occur? |
oxygen |
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What is metabolised in order to produce energy? |
glucose |
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What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration? |
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) |
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what are the stages of aerobic respiration? |
glycolysis krebs cycle electron transport chain |
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What is glycolysis? |
set of reactions in which one glucose molecule is OXIDISED (Removal of electrons)
the metabolism of glucose |
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What happens during glycolysis? |
6 carbon molecule glucose broken down to two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules |
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explain step by step how this happens |
2 ATP molecules breaks down into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules
glycolysis reaction produces 4 ATP
net gain of 2 ATP
glycolysis is also the production of 2 NADH molecules |
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What is the importance of the 2 NADH molecules? |
Plays an important role in the production of extra ATP in the electron transport chain. |
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What happens after glycolysis? |
cell can either move to a cycle of:
aerobic respiration - to krebs cycle or fermentation |
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Krebs cycle - where does this cycle take place?
Why is it important? |
pyruvate moves out of the cytosol and into the membrane, into the matrix of the mitochrondria
central to metabolism as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are degraded by oxidation. |
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What happens before the pyruvate enters the mitochrondria? |
2 pyruvates are converted into: 2 acetyl-coenzyme (acetyl-CoA) 2 carbon dioxides 2 NADH |
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What happens to the Acetyl-coenzyme? |
They are oxidised, producing;
2 more carbon dioxide and 2 ATP
For every molecule of acetly-CoA - cycle produces: 3 NADH 1 FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) |
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What is the next stage in aerobic respiration? |
electron transport chain (oxidative phosphoralization) |
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What happens before this stage? |
During oxidation of NADH and FADH, electrons are released |
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What happens to these electrons? |
They pass through to the electron transport chain |
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What does the freely movable electrons do? |
energy produced from the flow of electrons drive oxidative phosphoralization in which ATP is synthesized. |
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How much ATP is produced at the end of the cycle? |
32 ATP |
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What does anaerobic mean? |
"without air" |
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What is anaerobic respiration |
respiration in the absence of oxygen to produce the energy that is required of the human body |
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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? |
The role in which the NADH molecule plays during fermentation. |
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What happens to NADH during aerobic respiration? |
transported to mitochondria and immediately converted back to NAD and plays a role in electron transport chain |
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What happens to NADH during anaerobic respiration? |
it does not immediately reoxidised after glycolysis
remains as NADH until pyruvate is formed at the end of glycolysis
NADH is subjected to getting acted on by the enzyme lactate.
It becomes an molecule of lactate
lactic acid is formed
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What does lactic acid do? |
creates muscle fatigue |
